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Psychosis > Week 2: Psychosis Or Psychoses? > Flashcards

Week 2: Psychosis Or Psychoses? Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 5 diagnostic criteria identified by Robbins and Guze, (1980)?

A

1) clinical description
2) lab studies
3) delimitation of other disorders
4) outcome studies
5) family studies

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2
Q

What criteria did Kendler (1990) add to Robbins and Guze’s criteria (1980)?

A

Treatment studies

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3
Q

Describe Reinghaus, et al’s. (2013) study and findings.

A

• current diagnostics have limited validity
- unitary/pentagonal model needed
• DSM/ICD are categorical = x
• general psychosis is caused by underlying psychopathological features
- can explain shared symptoms

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4
Q

If symptoms are used as a basis of classification, what do they need to have/be?

A

1) distinct symptom profiles

2) continuous symptom profiles

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5
Q

what affective state is schizophrenia and bipolar?

A

S:
Psychotic

BP:
Affective

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6
Q

What does a data matrix do?

A
  • creates possible combinations of S. symptoms
  • determines dimensional or categorical
  • 2 patients may have totally different symptoms
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7
Q

Describe Reiger, et al’s. (2013) study into reliability of diagnosis.

A 
• reliability with interclass kappa
• s., Saffective and BP stabilised through DSM-5
• (reliability lower than 0.7 is low)
- S: 0.34 - 0.59
   BP: 0.42 - 0.67

X DSM-5 has poor reliability
X used broad kappa values

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8
Q

Describe Reiger, et al’s. (2013) study into comorbidity of psychosis.

A
  • they are the norm

* looked at MDD (10%), PTSD (11%), AUD (7%) and GAD (0.4%)

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9
Q

Describe Semple, et al’s. (2005) study into medication.

A

Psychosis:
- typical/atypical anti-psychotics

Depression

  • anti-depressants
  • psychotic depression

Bipolar-1

  • anti-depressants
  • lithium
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10
Q

Name 2 types of symptoms clustering.

A

Latent class and cluster analysis

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11
Q

Describe Kendler, et al’s. (1998) study into latent class analysis.

A

• LCA to psychotic/affective patients
• 6 classes found:
- S., MD, Saffective, BP, SMania, Hebephrenia,
• signif increase in all relatives

X unitary model not appropriate
X patients may be misclassified

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12
Q

What are the 3 main traits of Eysenck’s theory of psychopathology?

A

Psychoticism
Extroversion
Neuroticism

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13
Q

What are the 4 subtypes of schizotypy in Claridge’s (1996) model?

A

1) unusual experience
2) cognitive disorganisation
3) introverted anhedonia
4) impulsive non-conformity

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14
Q

What did Nelson, et al. (2013) say about schizotypy?

A
  • it should be a fully dimensional approach
  • high scores of schizotypy in psychotic patients/relatives
  • brain/neuropsychological abnormalities in psychotic patients
  • it’s on a continuum
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15
Q

What is the DSM-5 criteria for Schizotypy?

A

• personality disorder
• measure if psychosis proneness
• 5 or more of following:
- lack of close friends, suspicious, paranoid, excessive social anxiety, odd thinking

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16
Q

What is the DSM-5 criteria for Cyclothymic disorder?

A

• need 2 years of:

  • hypomania symptoms
  • depressive episodes (not MDD criteria)
  • signif. distress caused
17
Q

What is the DSM-5 criteria for persistent depressive disorder?

A
  • mixture of MDD and dysthymia
  • de-mood for most of the day for 2 year period
  • no mania
18
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of dementia praecox?

A

Catalonia
Hebephrenia
Dementia paranoids

19
Q

Describe Crow’s (1980) two types of Schizophrenia.

A

Type 1: + syndrome

  • hallucinations, delusions etc
  • acute s
  • reversible
  • increase in DA receptors

Type 2: - syndrome

  • flattened affect
  • chronic s
  • irreversible
  • loss of cells/structural brain damage
20
Q

Describe Liddle, et al’s. (1987) study into syndrome clusters.

A 
• factor analysis on symptoms of 40 pps 
• 3 dimensions:
1) reality distortion
2) disorganisation
3) psychomotor poverty
21
Q

Describe Potuzak, et al’s. (2012) study.

A 
• meta analysis of 39 studies:
• found 4 dimensions of psychosis 
1) + symptoms 
2) - symptoms 
3) disorganisation
4) affective symptom dimensions
22
Q

Describe Reinghaus, et al’s. (2012) study into unitary psychosis

A 
• factor analysis of 816 patients 
• bi-factor model tested validity
• supports theory of general psychosis 
• 5 domains:
- + & - symptoms, mania, depression, disorganisations
23
Q

What did Haslam, et al. (2012) say about taxonic structure of psychosis?

A
  • schizotypy has a taxonic structure
  • psychosis is categorically different to non-psychosis
  • most psych variation is dimensional
24
Q

Describe DM-5 criteria for Schizo. Spectrum disorder

A

• re-revised to include spectrum:

1) hallucinations
2) disorganised beliefs
3) - symptoms
4) depression
5) delusions
6) abnormal psychomotor behaviour
7) impaired condition
8) mania

Psychosis (2 decks)

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