Week 2 (Philosophers) Flashcards
Love for wisdom
answer questions regarding the nature of existence of man and the world.
philosophy
know thyself
gnothi seuton
the art of questioning his simple technique of asking basic questions, such as who am i, what is the purpose of my life, what am i doing here, what is justice
answers will always be subjective it will be unique it will depend from person to person. the quality and quantity of answers are dependent on the respective person.
Socratic method
historically known as the first martyr of education, knowledge and philosophy. for lighting up the minds of his students, he was literally charged with corruption of minors.
socrates
The acknowledged author of the groundbreaking book “the republic”
plato believed in the division of body and soul
plato
(consensual soul) courageous part of the person who wants to do something or right the wrongs
spirited soul
the conscious mind decides plans and thinks
Rational soul
became the bedrock of democracy as we now know it today. book talks about justice balance equality how to rule how to prepare for ruling, statecraft, how to run a country, how to govern with the best interest of people at heart.
the republic
needs and wants that are to be satisfied
appetitive soul
Plato - slaves born as such inside a cave facing only the shadows of men will never have knowledge that there is another set of men representing or creating the respective shadows
philosophical allegory of the cave
we do not know something is right until
we know it is bad.
follows the notion that everything is better if we devote ourselves to god
concept of modern roman catholic church is predicated on his teachings. regarded as inventor of original sin. doctor of the church, majority of his musing were predicated on the church and its position in society and its importance in everyday living. dd = doctorate of divinity. birth of church meddling on affairs of men. introduction of theocracy. when one obeys and submit to the church, one is obeying god.
st.augustine
better slice of life. if one wants to improve the quality of life nothing is more certain they must become educated and education is equated by knowledge
contemporary filipinos want their children educated to have a
cogito ergo sum or i think therefore i am. with all groundbreaking advances of computers. the greatest computer is still the human brain. only humans have the audacity and impertinence of trying to figure out the meaning of his life and is actually self aware of his own existence. humans have the hubris of musing irreverent questions on existence and purpose of life. only humans have satisfied itself with his own answers to his own musings. humans are self ware they are conscious and being such proves their own placement in the universe humans create their own reality and they are the masters of their own universe. diskarte finding a way or making things possible. diskarte a word is a derivative of the surname of descartes.
rene descartes(french)
father of liberalism coming from an era where proper decorum conservative thinking and compliance to a collective imposition of the known authority. posited not just from physical bondage but from psychological and spiritual bondage as well. lawyer and doctor. advancing the idea of empiricism. knowledge is gained through experience. contributed tabula rasa notion posits that everyone started as a blank slate, and the content is provided by experiences and by what one could prove, as collected by life experiences.
john locke(english)
irony because he espoused three notable contention in philosophy
-empiricism
-skepticism
-naturalism
promoted empiricism by basing his knowledge and philosophy on evidences, knowing and proving are two different things. and in life it is not what you know, but rather what you can prove. one can only know through senses and experience. was a known atheist and as such, believed in the natural cycle of life. everything is governed by reason, by rationality and as such, there is a natural order of things.
david hume(scott)
posited the idea that there is a connection between reason and experience the idea that pure reason is one of the prime sources of morality. that what is right, that what is moral is best explained via reason and rationality.
Immanuel Kant(german)
father of psyschoanalysis predicated on sex and aggression with the unconscious mind as the platform. present self or personality is greatly shaped by the person’s past experiences. utilized introspection as a tool. unconscious,preconscious,conscious. id pleasure principle, ego reality principle, superego morality principle. superego tells ego to think about what he or she does needs to be a good person.
Sigmund Freud(austrian)
ghost in the machine view. main concept of gilbert ryle is that there is a relationship between the body and mind. self is affected by mind and body. self is taken as a whole with body and mind combination. the self is an integrated whole made up of different parts and systems. “i am therefore i am.” things take a life of their own. every machine assumes a life of its own more than what it was intended for
gilbert ryle(british)
folk psychology will be eventually discredited by scientific inquiry. indigenous notions theories concepts and ideas will be supplanted by scientific method. philosophy of churchland is predicated on eliminative materialism. eliminative materialism contention is that people’s common sense understanding of the mind is false and that most of the mental states that people subscribe to, in turn, do not actually exist.
paul churchland(canadian)
articulated idea of existensialism it is predicated on the premise that man gives meaning to his own life. happiness and sadness are dependent on the individual and his perception of his own reality. consciousness and perception are related to one another. phenomenology of perception, the body, perceived world, people in the world. proponent of descriptive psychology - places the current interpretation of reality dependent on the perception, consciousness and appreciation of an individual.
maurice merleau ponty(french)
pleasure principle, instinctual component of personality that is present at birth, and is the source of bodily needs and wants, emotional impulses and desires, especially aggression and the libido (sex drive)
id
reality principle, it seeks to please the id’s drive in realistic ways that, in the long term, bring benefit, rather than grief.
ego
morality principle reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly taught by parents applying their guidance and influence he Super-ego can be thought of as a type of conscience that punishes misbehavior with feelings of guilt. the super-ego is the precedent for the conceptualization of the inner critic
superego
