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Cognition > Week 2 Perception > Flashcards

Week 2 Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The smallest amount of stimulation needed for detection by a sense.

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2
Q

Agnosia

A

Loss of the ability to perceive stimuli.

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3
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of the ability to smell.

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4
Q

Audition

A

Ability to process auditory stimuli. Also called hearing.

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5
Q

Auditory canal

A

Tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear.

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6
Q

Auditory hair cells

A

Receptors in the cochlea that transduce sound into electrical potentials.

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7
Q

Binocular disparity

A

Difference is images processed by the left and right eyes.

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8
Q

Binocular vision

A

Our ability to perceive 3D and depth because of the difference between the images on each of our retinas.

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9
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

Building up to perceptual experience from individual pieces.

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10
Q

Chemical senses

A

Our ability to process the environmental stimuli of smell and taste.

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11
Q

Cochlea

A

Spiral bone structure in the inner ear containing auditory hair cells.

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12
Q

Cones

A

Photoreceptors of the retina sensitive to color. Located primarily in the fovea.

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13
Q

Dark adaptation

A

Adjustment of eye to low levels of light.

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14
Q

Differential threshold

A

The smallest difference needed in order to differentiate two stimuli. (See Just Noticeable Difference (JND))

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15
Q

Dorsal pathway

A

Pathway of visual processing. The “where” pathway.

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16
Q

Flavor

A

The combination of smell and taste.

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17
Q

Gustation

A

Ability to process gustatory stimuli. Also called taste.

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18
Q

Just noticeable difference (JND)

A

The smallest difference needed in order to differentiate two stimuli. (see Differential Threshold)

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19
Q

Light adaptation

A

Adjustment of eye to high levels of light.

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20
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Mechanical sensory receptors in the skin that response to tactile stimulation.

21
Q

Multimodal perception

A

The effects that concurrent stimulation in more than one sensory modality has on the perception of events and objects in the world.

22
Q

Nociception

A

Our ability to sense pain.

23
Q

Odorants

A

Chemicals transduced by olfactory receptors.

24
Q

Olfaction

A

Ability to process olfactory stimuli. Also called smell.

25
Q

Olfactory epithelium

A

Organ containing olfactory receptors.

26
Q

Opponent-process theory

A

Theory proposing color vision as influenced by cells responsive to pairs of colors.

27
Q

Ossicles

A

A collection of three small bones in the middle ear that vibrate against the tympanic membrane.

28
Q

Perception

A

The psychological process of interpreting sensory information.

29
Q

Phantom limb

A

The perception that a missing limb still exists.

30
Q

Phantom limb pain

A

Pain in a limb that no longer exists.

31
Q

Pinna

A

Outermost portion of the ear.

32
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Area of the cortex involved in processing auditory stimuli.

33
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Area of the cortex involved in processing somatosensory stimuli.

34
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Area of the cortex involved in processing visual stimuli.

35
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Decrease in sensitivity of a receptor to a stimulus after constant stimulation.

36
Q

Shape theory of olfaction

A

Theory proposing that odorants of different size and shape correspond to different smells.

37
Q

Signal detection

A

Method for studying the ability to correctly identify sensory stimuli.

38
Q

Somatosensation

A

Ability to sense touch, pain and temperature.

39
Q

Somatotopic map

A

Organization of the primary somatosensory cortex maintaining a representation of the arrangement of the body.

40
Q

Sound waves

A

Changes in air pressure. The physical stimulus for audition.

41
Q

Tastants

A

Chemicals transduced by taste receptor cells.

42
Q

Taste receptor cells

A

Receptors that transduce gustatory information.

43
Q

Top-down processing

A

Experience influencing the perception of stimuli.

44
Q

Transduction

A

The conversion of one form of energy into another.

45
Q

Superadditive effect of multisensory integration

A

The finding that responses to multimodal stimuli are typically greater than the sum of the independent responses to each unimodal component if it were presented on its own.

46
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Thin, stretched membrane in the middle ear that vibrates in response to sound. Also called the eardrum.

47
Q

Ventral pathway

A

Pathway of visual processing. The “what” pathway.

48
Q

Vestibular system

A

Parts of the inner ear involved in balance.

49
Q

Weber’s law

A

States that just noticeable difference is proportional to the magnitude of the initial stimulus.

Cognition (2 decks)

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