Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHM 790: Topics in Pediatry > Week 2 Peds Therapeutics > Flashcards

Week 2 Peds Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

most common organism in <1 month with bacterial meningitis

A

Group B Strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most common organism in 1-23 months with bacterial meningitis

A

S. pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most common organism in 2-50 yovwith bacterial meningitis

A

N. meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

risk factors for bacterial meningitis in children

A

HIV
Immunodeficiency
Sickle cell anemia
Recent upper resp tract inf
Head Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Presentation of bacterial meningitis

A

Infants
-Seizures, Irritability, Lethargy, Bulging fontanelle
Children
-Fever, Vomiting, Seizure, Confusion, Photophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gold Standard for Bacterial Meningitis Diagnosis

A

CSF lumbar puncture
- elevated WBC, Protein, Glu (low in infants <0.6), pos bacterial culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Empiric Treatment for neonates with BM

A

Ampilicillin + (AG or Cefotaxime)
Cefotaxime preferred if pt has poor kidney function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Empiric Treatment for 1 mon-50 yo with BM

A

Vancomycin + (Cefotaxime or CTX)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Targeted Treatment for infants with BM

A

Penicillin or Ampicillin
3rd gen cephalo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Duration of therapy for N. meningitidis & H. influenza

A

7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Days of treatment for S. Pneumoniae

A

10-14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Use and admin of dexamethasone as adj therapy in BM

A
  • dec hearing loos in pts w/ H. influenza
  • Only use before or at the same time as 1st dose of AB. after 1 hr post AB no benefit
  • use with S. Pneumonia if risk of mortality
  • use with H. influenza if initiated b/f admin of AB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prevention of BM

A

Vaccines
- Hib, PCV15/PCV20, Meningococcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Risk factors for CAP (5)

A
  • Recent hx of URTI
  • lower socioeconomic status
  • Crowded living environment
  • Exposure to cigarette smoke
  • Comorbidities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What comorbidities are associated with CAP

A

Asthma
Bronchospasm
Cystic fibrosis
Congenital heart disease
Sickle cell disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ways pathogen enters the lung and most common

A

**inhaled aerosolized particles
- through bloodstream
- aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

signs and symptoms of CAP and the ones required for diagnosis

A

**fever and cough
- chest pain
- purulent expectorant
- tachypnea (inf >70, child >50)
- respiratory distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gold standard for diagnosis of CAP

A

chest x-ray
- viral will be wide spread
- bacteria will have dense consolidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(6) who should be hospitalized for CAP

A
  • mod to severe cap
  • resp distress <90% sat
  • all infants <3 months of age
  • infants <6 months of age w/ suspected bacterial CAP
  • suspicion of MRSA
  • underlying medical conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

most common bacterial pathogen of CAP in all age groups

A

S. pneumoniae
*Atypical common in older children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

most common viral pathogen of CAP

A

Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2nd most common bacterial pathogen of CAP in 5yo- 15yo group

A

Atypicals M & C. Pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

outpt first line treatment for CAP

A

Amox 90mg/kg/day in 2-3 doses
alt Augmentin 90mg/kg/day in 2-3 doses AE: diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

inpt first line treatment for CAP who is fully immunized and low community resistance

A

Ampicillin or peni

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ampicillin empiric dose CAP
150-200 mg/kg/day IV divided every 6 hours
26
Ampicillin empiric dose for group A strep CAP
200 mg/kg/day IV divided every 6 hours
27
Ampicillin empiric dose for S. Pneumoniae
300-400 mg/kg/day IV divided every 6 hours CAP
28
inpt first line treatment for CAP who is not fully immunized or high community resistance
Ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg/dose IV every 24 hrs or Cefotaxime
29
first line treatment for CAP w/ atypical bacteria
Azithromycin 10 mg/kg day 1 , then 5mg/kg days 2-5
30
antiviral therapy for CAP
oseltamivir - must be initiated w/in 48 hrs of symptoms - for 5 days
31
vaccine prevention for CAP
PCV13 (S. pneumoniae) & Hib (H. influenza)
32
what complications are associated with UTIs
- Recurrent UTIs - Acute Kidney Injury - End-stage Renal Disease
33
risk factors for UTI
- <12 month yo (fever is a symptom) - female - uncircumcised infants - bladder or bowel dysfunction - immunocompromised (DM, genetic)
34
Most common and rarest infection pathway UTI
Most common- retrograde ascent (uretha up to bladder) Rarest- fistula (between UT and GI/vagina)
35
what classifies complicated UTI
- GU tract w/ structural/function abnormalities - catheters
36
what are some neonate UTI symptoms
Jaundice, failure to thrive, fever, difficulty feeding, irritability, vomiting and diarrhea
37
what are some infants and children <2yrs UTI symptoms
cloudy or malodorous urine, hematuria, frequency and dysuria
38
what are some children>2 UTI symptoms
enuresis (wetting themselves), abdominal pain, frequency, fever
39
gold standard for uti diagnosis
Urine culture
40
AAP guideline definition of UTI and bacteria for the different types of collection
- significant bacturia + pyuria - clean catch >100,000 bacteria - Catheter >50,000 bacteria - SPA= any growth
41
first line treatment for UTI
cephalosporins - cephalexin bactrim beta lactams
42
who. gets parenteral UTI treatment
- Acutely ill (septic) children - infants <2 mon - immunocompromised - unable to tolerate PO **continue until patient is afebrile and clinically stable
43
duration for UTI uncomplicated vs complicated
uncomplicated= 7 days complicated= 10- 14 days
44
what is VUR
retrograde urinary flow from bladder into ureters and then up to kidney causing kidney to be inflamed
45
risk factor and complications of VUR
Risk factor: febrile UTI Complications: recurrent UTI, renal scarring, hypertension
46
treatment of VUR
observation, antibiotic prophylaxis and surgery
47
Goal with UTI prophylaxis
Prevent irrversible damage/ scarring
48
RIVUR trial conclusions
pts who use antimicrobal prophylaxis have decreased recurrent UTI - they also have inc resistance - no difference in rate of renal scarring
49
target populations for UTI prophylaxis and for how long
- females, VUR grade IV or V - bladder/bowel dysfunction - for 1-2 years
50
Antibiotics for UTI prophylaxis
Amoxicillin (<2 mon yo) Nitrofurantoin or Bactrim (>2 mon) generally avoid ceph
51
what is otorrhea
discharge/drainage from ear
52
what is otalgia and presentation
ear ache or ear pain tugging/pulling at ear
53
what is an uncomplicated AOM
AOM without otorrhea (drainage)
54
what is a non-severe AOM
AOM w/ mild otalgia (pain) ANDDD temp <39
55
what is a severe AOM
AOM w/ mod-severe otalgia ORR fever>39
56
what is a recurrent AOM
3 or more documented and separate occasions of AOM in the last 6 months ORRR 4 or more episodes in the last 12 months w/ 1 beginning in the last 6 months
57
difference between viral and bacterial AOM
viral is only supportive care, bacterial is treatable
58
risk factors for AOM
- genetics/ fam hx - allergies - lack of breast feeding - Low socioeconomic status - passive smoke exposure - daycare attendance - pacifier use - winter season - <24mons old
59
signs/ symptoms AOM
- Otalgia - irritability - HA - disturbed or restless sleep - poor feeding - vomiting/diarrhea - fever
60
Diagnostic Criteria AOM
- Bulging of tympanic membrane w/ or w/o recent onset of ear pain/erythema. - new onset of otorrhea not caused by otitis externa
61
who gets AOM therapy
- pts >2 w/ mod or worse symptoms - consider in pts 6 mon-2 year if unilateral AOM w/o otorrhea - start ABx after 49-72 hrs if symptoms persist or worsen
62
first line options for AOM and aes
amox or augmentin 90mg/kg/day ae: diarrhea, hypersensitivity, c. diff
63
2nd line options for AOM (pen allergy)
Cefdinir 14mg/kg/day Cefuroxime 30 mg/kg/day Ceftriaxone 50 mg IM or IV
64
treatment durations AOM
<2yos: 10 days >2yo: 5-7 dayvs
65
pain management w/ doses AOM, which is preferred** in 6 mon and up for anageslic effect
**Ibuprofen 5-10 mg/kg/dose Q6H PRN APAP 10-15 mg/kg/dose Q4-6H PRN - can try alternating regimen if symptom persist
66
who is tympanostomy tubes an option for and its pros/cons
- pts w/ recurrent AOM - Pros: dec episodes, restore hearing, relieve pain - Cons: requires anesthesia for surgery, can cause scarring
67
why should ceftriaxone be avoiding in neonate with BM
cause inc bilirubin
68
how to treat neonates with BM if they have herpes
add on a acyclovir to amp + (ag or cefotixime)

PHM 790: Topics in Pediatry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions