Week 2 Ottoman Emkjre Under Reform

Question 1

The tazimat reforms

Answer 1

Following Crimean war

• 1839-1867
• started by abulmejid and then by mahmud II
• edict of Gulhame 1839
• European attitudes

Question 2

Russian interest in ottoman

Answer 2

• wanted access to the straits and the Black Sea
  Alexander 11 and Alexander 111 thought Britain was the ‘biggest threat’ to Russia (david gillard)
  -late 1880s more open
• Russo Turkish war 1877-1878

Question 3

Russo-Turkish war

Answer 3

• traditional enemy
• the April uprisings in 1876 15,000-30,000 dead
  1876 Montenegro Serbia claim independence
  Constantinople conference ending Janurart 1877 - more Bulgarian and Bosnian autonomy but rejected
  War occurs

Question 4

Russo Turkish war significance

Answer 4

• the Russians fail to immediately take plevna break through in November
• reject arnistance and nearly get to Constantinople - Britain steps in
• one significance was the creation of Stan Stefano - Russia taking land in caucuses the creation of big Bulgaria and Romania Montenegro and Serbia become independent

Question 5

Congress Berlin

Answer 5

San Stefano in 1878
- eastern rumelia and Macedonia goes to the ottomans
- Austria occupy Bosnia 
- June Cyprus 
Serbia Montenegro Romania recognised

Question 6

Russia ottoman relationship

Answer 6

• enemy
  -access to straits
  -war creation of big Bulgaria.
  Allan Cunningham - foundation of turkophilism is Russophobia

J A Marriott access to the Black Sea and Constantinople important.

Question 7

Britain and Ottoman

Answer 7

• splendid islation 1866
• palemerston used them against the Russians
  Wanted to maunstain to stop other rivals.

Had helped dismantle and had helped others

-1878 Cyprus convention

Question 8

French ottoman

Answer 8

• protected Christian’s in Syria
  Rivalry thy did not want Russia or Britain to get too much into the Ottoman Empire
• Malcom yapp talks about the importance the prestige is for a power i.e. The idea that you have to be at the table

Testy or Berlin suppose to sort out the question

Question 9

Religion

Answer 9

April uprising 1876

• had had the yazimat reforms.
• 15,000-30,000 retaliation
• Europe viewed them as barbaric and did not see their empires as suppression.