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CPD Vocab III > Week 2 Neuro > Flashcards

Week 2 Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellar disorders

A

Ataxia, decreased tendon reflexes, asthenia, tremor, nystagmus

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2
Q

Spinal cord: ascending tracts

A

Pain-temp, proprioception, light touch

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3
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Pain-temp, light touch. Crosses over to other side then ascends to thalamus and cerebral cortex on opposite side.
*lesion in this tract –> loss of pain-temp sensation contralaterally, below level of lesion.

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4
Q

Damage to upper motor neurons

A

Hypertonia/spasticity, decreased motor control, spastic reflexes, +Babinski

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5
Q

Damage to lower motor neuron

A

Hypotonia, weakness, decreased reflexes in affected areas

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6
Q

+ Babinski

A

UMN lesion. Abnormal dorsiflexion of great toe and fanning of other toes

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7
Q

Gray matter

A

Neuronal cell bodies and synapses

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8
Q

White matter

A

Ascending: sensory info to brain

and descending: motor instructions from brain

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9
Q

Spinocerebellar tract

A

Does NOT cross the spinal cord therefore ipsilateral symptoms. Receives afferent from periphery.

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10
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Crosses spinal cord immediately, therefore contralateral sxs

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11
Q

Descending tracts

A

Extends from motor area of cerebral cortex through brain stem, cross at medial lemniscus, synapse in anterior horn of spinal cord
UMNs and LMNs

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12
Q

UMN

A

Pathway from brain to spinal cord before synapse. Do not directly stimulate target muscle

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13
Q

LMN

A

Post synaptic pathway from spinal cord to periphery. Directly stimulate target muscle

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14
Q

Diencephalon

A

All structures with “thalamus”: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus.
Connects endocrine with nervous and limbic systems

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15
Q

Disorders of basal ganglia

A

Parkinsonism: tremors (degeneration of this and substantia nigra)
Chorea: sudden, jerky, purposeless movements
Athetosis: slow writhin, snake like movements
Hemiballismus: Wild flail of one arm

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16
Q

Review of sys questions for neurological patient

A

Pain
HEENT: HA, vision chnages, dizziness
Neuro: tremor, weakness or sensory loss, LOC, motor dysfunction, speech/swallowing issue

17
Q

Mental status exam

A

Family hx of memory loss
Orientation
General info
Spelling

18
Q

Cranial nerves

A

CN 7: have them smile to test for stroke

19
Q

Basic labs

A

CBC, CMP, TSH, bedside glucose

Lumbar puncture, CT, MRI

20
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

Due to thrombosis (or emboli, lacunar, TIA)

Sxs: embolic– acute onset, during day, headache precedes neuro deficit
Thrombotic–slower onset, during night, without headache/pain/fever
Lacunar–hemiparesis

21
Q

Risk factors for stroke

A

Prior stroke, age, male, smoking, cocaine, family history

22
Q

Labs for ischemic stroke

A

1st: CT
2nd: MRI
3rd: bedside glucose testing

23
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Intracerebral and subarachnoid. 20% of strokes

24
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage

A 
Usu HTN (trauma, brain tumor)
Sxs: headache, nausea, impairment of consciousness

Severe presentation!

25
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Usu ruptured aneurysm

Sxs: sudden, severe headache with LOC, severe neurologic deficits, seizures

26
Q

Delirium

A

Sudden, days-weeks, due to infection/dehydration/drugs, reversible, poor attention
May be changes in personality, confusion

27
Q

Dementia

A

Slow, progressive, LOC not impacted
Etiology:
Alzheimer’s, vascular, Lewy Body, Parksinson Dz, HIV assoc dementia, frontotemporal dementia

28
Q

How to diagnose dementia?

A

History w mental status, PE with complete neuro, TSH/B12/CBC/LFT/HIV, CT/MRI
Requires:
1. Cognitive or behavioral changes (aphasia, agnosia, apraxia)
2. Decline
3. Rule out delirium

29
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Beta amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles (tau) and Ach def. Must be >40yrs to be diagnosed. Half of people >85 yrs.

Risk factors: age, family history, trisomy 21

30
Q

To diagnose Alzheimer’s Dz

A 
Dementia established clinically
Deficits in > 2 areas of cognition
Gradual onset and progressive worsening of memory
No disturbance of consciousness
Onset after 40, most after 65 yrs
No systemic or brain disorders
31
Q

Risk factors for vascular dementia

A

HTN, DM, hyperlipidemia, smoking, strokes

32
Q

Vascular dementia signs and symptoms

A

Exaggerated DTRs, gait abnormalities, hemiplegias

History: of stroke(s)!

33
Q

Lewy body dementia

A

Lewy bodies in cytoplasm of cortical neurons. Cognitive and extra pyramidal Sxs within one year. Rigidity of axial muscles with gait instability, symmetrical deficits, tremors

34
Q

Parksinson Dz Dementia

A

Motor Sxs then 10-15years later cognitive Sxs. Psychiatric Sxs uncommon
Definitive diagnosis requires autopsy

CPD Vocab III (3 decks)

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