Week 2- Module 2 Flashcards
What are the structure and functions of the nervous, muscular, cardiovascular respiratory and endocrine systems? What are bioenergetics and metabolism? How are they related to exercise? Review the Domain 1 section in your study guide.
Which mechanoreceptor helps prevent muscles from stretching too far or too fast? Select one: a. Muscle spindle b. Intercalated disc c. Golgi tendon organ d. Ruffini endings
Muscle spindle
What is the functional unit of the nervous system? Select one: a. Cartilage b. Tendon c. Vein d. Neuron
Neuron
Which of the following is made up of the upper and lower extremities as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdles and encompasses approximately 126 bones? Select one: a. Articular cartilage b. Epiphyseal plate c. Appendicular skeleton d. Vertebral column
Appendicular Skeleton
Which of the following is a catabolic hormone secreted by the adrenal glands and serves to maintain energy supply through the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and protein? Select one: a. Norepinephrine b. Cortisol c. Testosterone d. Insulin
Cortisol
Which term refers to fibrous connective tissues that connect bone to bone and provide static and dynamic stability as well as input to the nervous system? Select one: a. Tendons b. Effectors c. Dendrites d. Ligaments
Ligaments
Which of the following is a characteristic of muscle spindles?
Select one:
a. They transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
b. They provide the ability to sense the relative position of adjacent parts of the body.
c. They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of that change.
d. They are slow twitch, “red” muscle fibers with a high degree of mitochondria.
They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of that change
Which of the following consists of a series of irregularly shaped bones divided into five different categories depending on where they are located in the backbone? Select one: a. Medullar cavity b. Articular cartilage c. Epiphyseal plate d. Vertebral column
Vertebral column
In the endocrine system, which of the following secretes hormones such as corticosteroids and catecholamines in response to stress? Select one: a. Pineal gland b. Thyroid gland c. Adrenal gland d. Hypothalamus
Adrenal gland
Which of the following is a characteristic of joint receptors in the human body?
Select one:
a. They are responsible for joint injuries resulting from extreme joint positions.
b. They respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.
c. They are known as the “soma” and process information from dendrites.
d. They relay information from the joint sites back to the brain via efferent neurons.
They respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints
Which of the following is true of type I, or slow-twitch, muscle fibers?
Select one:
a. They contain more capillaries, mitochondria, and myoglobin than type II muscle fibers.
b. They are faster than type II muscle fibers to produce maximal tension.
c. They are larger in size than type II muscle fibers and are referred to as white fibers.
d. They have a low oxidative capacity and fatigue quickly.
They contain more capillaries, mitochondria, and myoglobin than type II muscle fibers.
Definition of the Human Movement System
The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.
Also known as “The Kinetic Chain”
What are mechanoreceptors
Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues
What are muscle spindles?
Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change
What system is where all movement begins?
The nervous system. That is the communication center of the body.
What is the most basic functional unit of the nervous system?
Neurons.
What are the types of neurons?
Sensory Neurons = Receive information
Interneurons = Carry and Interpret information
Motor Neurons = Causes Motor Response
Where does movement happen?
Joints
What is another name for joint movement?
arthrokinematics
What are the 2 types of Skeletal Muscle?
Type I- Slow Twitch
Type II- Fast twitch
This allows for some muscles (type I) to be
more resistant to fatigue for endurance purposes, while others (type II) contract fast to generate more power
When a muscle contracts, the
individual fibers of a skeletal muscle slide past one another, thus _________ the entire length of the muscle
Shortening or lengthening?
Shortening
What system is made up of the glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream and the receptors that
interact with those biochemicals
Endocrine System
_______are surrounded by muscles on all sides, and the muscles must all work together to create _______
Joints
Movement
To accomplish movement , there are four roles a muscle can play depending on the motion that is required: What are they
Agonist
Synergist
Antagonist
Stabilizer
What is the name of the prime mover for a movement (The muscles that provide the main source of movement)
Give an example
Agonist
The gluteus maximus and quadriceps are agonists during a squat since they generate
the primary force for that movement
Explain the Synergist role
Other muscles that help the prime mover (they work in synergy with the agonists/prime movers)
Assistant Prime Mover
For example, during a rowing exercise the biceps brachii and posterior deltoids are synergists because they help the back muscles (latissimus dorsi) perform the movement.
Explain the Antagonist role
Antagonists create joint actions opposite to the prime mover
They oppose the prime mover
For example, the triceps brachii is an antagonist muscle during a biceps curl.
Explain the Stabilizer role
Stabilize while the prime mover and synergist work
They support joints while movement occurs
For example, the rotator
cuff muscles stabilize the shoulders during a chest press exercise.
