Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

gnurs627 respiratory > week 2 mechanics of respiration cont > Flashcards

week 2 mechanics of respiration cont Flashcards

1
Q

Flow-Volume Loop

A

slide 31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compliance is a measure of

A

the distensibility of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Compliance =

A

change in lung volume/ change in lung pressure

Cpulm = change of Vpulm / change of Ppulm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The extent of lung expansion is dependant on

A

increase of transpulmonary pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normal static compliance is?

A

70-100 ml of air/cm of H2O transpulmonary pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is Compliance reduced by?

A

by higher or lower lung volumes, higher expansion pressures, venous congestion, alveolar edema, atelectasis & fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Compliance increased

A

with age & emphysema secondary to alterations of elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lung Volumes Changes Related To

A

Transpulmonary Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pressure-volume curve

A

slide 36

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Elastic Lung Tissue

A
  1. Elastin & Collagen fibers of lung parenchyma
  2. Natural state of these fibers is contracted coils
  3. Elastic force generated by the return to this coiled state after being stretched and elongated
  4. The recoil force assists to deflate lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Surface Air-fluid Interface

A
  1. 2/3 of total elastic force in lung
  2. Surface tension of H2O
    Complex synergy between air & fluid holds alveoli open
  3. Without air in the alveoli a fluid filled lung has only lung tissue elastic forces to resist volume changes
  4. Surfactant in the alveoli fluid reduces surface tension, keeps alveoli from collapsing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

normal pt I:E ratio

A

1:2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

copd or emphysema I:E ratio

A

1:3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Surface Tension Elastic Forces

A

The net effect on the lung to simultaneously

attempt to collapse alveoli by water tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

surfactant does what to the alveoli?

A

keeps them open. Surfactant lowers the surface tension of the alveoli fluid. reduces work of breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

surfactant is produced by what cell type?

A

Type II pneumocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DPPC-Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline

A
  1. DPPC opposes water self-attractant elastic force to reduce alveolar surface tension
  2. Reduction of surface tension greater when film compressed closer as DPPC repel each other more
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Total Ventilation or Minute Ventilation

A

Total volume of air conducted into lungs per minute
Single breath = Tidal Volume (VT)
VT varies with age, sex, body position & activity
Normal VT is 0.5 L
Minute ventilation = VT * freq
6 L/min. = 0.5 L * 12 breaths/min.

19
Q

Alveolar Ventilation

A

Volume of fresh air entering alveoli each minute (70% of total ventilation or minute ventilation)

Alveolar ventilation is always less than total ventilation

Anatomical dead space and its portion of tidal volume (30%) affect amount of gas exchanged in alveoli

Alveolar O2 concentration steady state achieved when supply matches demand

20
Q

Anatomic Dead Space = how much also what is it

A

150/500

Dead Space = ventilated but not perfused

21
Q

dead space is roughly how many ml/kg

A

2 ml/kg

22
Q

Wasted Ventilation is

A

The concept of physiologic dead space (VPD) describes a deviation from ideal ventilation relative to blood flow

23
Q

what does wasted ventilation include?

A

anatomical dead space plus any portion of alveolar ventilation that does not exchange O2 or CO2 with pulmonary blood flow (alveolar dead space)

24
Q

Ventilation/blood flow (V/Q) mismatch

A

where blood flow blocked ( clot or emboli)

25
Q

Airway Closure is

A

The base of lung during exhalation does not have all of gas compressed out
Small airways in region of respiratory bronchioles collapse
Gas trapped in distal alveoli

26
Q

who have airway closing issues?

A

Airway closure occurs at very low lung volumes in normal young subjects in the lowermost lung regions
Occurs in normal elderly lungs at higher volumes & can be present at FRC
Frequently develops in patients with chronic lung disease

27
Q

Laminar flow is

A

parallel streams of flow

28
Q

Velocity in center of airway twice as fast than at edges of tube T/F

A

true

29
Q

Poiseuille Law describes

A

resistance to flow through a tube
Pressure increases proportionally to flow rate & gas viscosity
Smaller airway radius & longer distances increase flow resistance

30
Q

decreasing the radius of the tube will do what to the resistance?

A

it will double the resistance

31
Q

Turbulent Flow occurs at ___ flow rates or air velocity

A

higher

32
Q

an increase in what will make turbulence more probable

A

density, velocity & airway resistance

33
Q

Chief Site of Airway Resistance is at ?

A

Major resistance is at the medium-sized bronchi

34
Q

Most of pressure drop occurs at what division?

also slide 57

A

seventh

35
Q

Factors Determining Airway Resistance

A
  1. Lung Volume
  2. Bronchial Smooth Muscle
  3. Density & Viscosity Of Inspired Gas
36
Q

As lung volume is reduced -

A

airway resistance increases

37
Q

Contraction of airways increases

A

resistance

38
Q

Bronchoconstriction caused by

A

PSN, acetylcholine, low Pco2, direct stimulation, histamine, environmental, cold

39
Q

what is most likely to cause bronchospasm?

A

antibiotics and rocc

40
Q

Density & Viscosity Of Inspired Gas

A

Changes in density rather than viscosity have more influence on resistance

41
Q

Work of Breathing

A

Work is required to move the lung & chest

Work represented as pressure * volume (W=P*V)

42
Q

O2 cost of quiet breathing is

A

5% of total resting oxygen consumption

43
Q

Hyperventilation increases O2 cost to

A

30%

High O2 cost in obstructive lung disease limits exercise ability

gnurs627 respiratory (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions