Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

C&M Lower Limb > Week 2 L2: Thigh and Knee > Flashcards

Week 2 L2: Thigh and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

The lumbosacral plexus gives rise to 3 major branches that innervate the lower limb. What are they?

A
  • femoral nerve
  • obturator nerve
  • lumbosacral trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which ventral rami are the obturator and femoral nerve from?

A

L2, L3 and L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which 2 nerves are bound together to make the sciatic nerve?

A

common fibular part and tibial part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which part of the lower limb does the tibial part of the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which part of the lower limb does the common fibula part of the sciatic nerve innervate?

A

anterior and lateral parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the bone of the thigh?

A

femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which bone does the femur articulate with at the knee joint?

A

tibia (large bone of leg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which features are seen on the anterior femur?

A
  • shaft
  • adductor tubercle
  • patellar surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which features are seen on the posterior femur?

A
  • medial and lateral lips of the linea aspera
  • medial and lateral supracondylar lines
  • medial and lateral condyles
  • intercondylar notch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the tibial plateaus?

A

flattened regions of the proximal tibia that articulate with the femoral condyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the anatomical name for the knee cap?

A

patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What movements are allowed at the knee joint?

A

flexion and extension and a very small degree of rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 articulations at the knee joint?

A

2 femorotibial - articulation between femur and tibia

1 femoropatella - articulation between femur and patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the menisci?

A
  • crescent shaped ligaments
  • 2 plates of fibrocartilage that deepens the tibial plateau
  • thicker at external margins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A
  • increase joint congruency between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau
  • distribute weight evenly
  • shock absorption
  • assist in locking mechanism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Is the knee joint more stable and congruent in flexion or extension?

A

extension is most congruent and most stable

in flexion, less of the femoral condyles are in contact with the proximal tibia so it is less stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two collateral ligament in the knee?

A
  1. Fibula collateral ligament

2. Tibial collateral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the difference in the fibula collateral and tibial collateral ligament?

A

tibial collateral ligament is attached to the meniscus whereas the fibula collateral ligament isn’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the:

  1. Fibula collateral ligament
  2. Tibial collateral ligament
A
  1. Prevents adduction of the leg at the knee

2. Prevents abduction of the leg at the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A
  • prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur

- prevents hyperextension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament

A
  • prevents posterior displacement of tibia on femur

- prevents hyperflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the muscles in the enclosed by what?

A

fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do the extensor muscles of the knee lie?

A

anterior thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where do the flexor muscles of the knee lie

A

posterior thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the muscles found in the anterior thigh?

A
  1. iliopsoas
  2. Pectineus
  3. Quadratus femoris
  4. Sartorius
  5. Tensor fascia lata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of the pectineus?

A

flexes and abducts the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of the quadratus femoris?

A

4 muscles- “the quads”

  • extension of the knee
  • 1 of them flexes the hip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where does the sartorius muscle originate and insert?

A

originates at the ASIS and inserts onto the medial tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the sartorius muscle do?

A

flexes the hip, laterally rotates the hip and flexes the knee
it takes a diagonal course across the medial thigh, crossing the hip and knee so it will act on both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which nerve innervates the quadratus femoris?

A

femoral nerve L2-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the 4 muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris, and which one also flexes the hip

A
  1. Vastus intermedius
  2. Vastus Lateralis
  3. Vastus medialis
  4. Rectus femoris (attaches to AIIS so also flexes hip)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Where does the vastus lateralis originate and insert?

A
  • originates at greater trochanter/ linear aspera

- attaches to posterior femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where does the vastus medialis originate and insert?

A
  • originates at intertrochanteric line / linea aspera

- attaches to posterior femur

34
Q

What does the great saphenous vein drain into?

A

femoral vein

35
Q 
What is the:
1. Superior border
2. Medial border
3. Lateral border
of the femoral triangle
A
  1. Inguinal ligament
  2. Adductor longus
  3. Sartorius
36
Q

What does the saphenous nerve innervate?

A

skin of medial aspect of leg and foot

37
Q

Which are the adductor muscles in the medial thigh and which one also weakly flexes the knee?

A
  1. Adductor brevis
  2. Adductor longus
  3. Adductor magnus (deeper muscle)
  4. Gracillis (weakly flexes knee)
  5. Pectineus
  6. Obturator externus (deeper muscle)
38
Q

Where does the adductor brevis originate and insert?

A

origin: body of pubis/ inferior ramus
insert: pectineal line/ linear aspera

39
Q

Where does the adductor longus originate and insert?

A

Origin: body of pubis
Insert: middle 1/3 linea aspera

40
Q

Where does the gracilis originate and insert?

A

Origin: body of pubis/ inferior ramus
Insert: tibia

41
Q

Where does the pectineus originate and insert?

A

Origin: superior pubic ramus to pectineal line

42
Q

What are the two parts of the adductor magnus and where do each originate and insert?

A

Adductor part: inferior pubic ramus to gluteal tuberosity and linear aspera
Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle

43
Q

Which nerve is the adductor part of the adductor magnus innervated by?

A

obturator nerve

44
Q

Which nerve is the hamstring part of the adductor magnus innervated by?

A

tibial nerve

45
Q

What is the function of:

  1. The adductor part of the adductor magnus?
  2. The hamstring part of the adductor magnus?
A
  1. Adducts the hip

2. Extensor of the hip

46
Q

What is the adductor hiatus?

A

passage way for femoral artery and vein into the popliteal fossa

47
Q

Where does the obturator externus originate and insert?

A

obturator foramen –> trochanteric fossa

48
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh?

A

obturator nerve

49
Q

Where does the obturator nerve exit the pelvis and which muscle does it overlie in the medial thigh?

A
  • exits pelvis through obturator foramen

- overlies adductor brevis

50
Q

Where do the hamstrings in the posterior thigh arise from?

A

ischial tuberoisty

51
Q

What is the function of the hamstrings?

A

extend the hip and flex the knee

52
Q

Which nerve are the hamstrings innervated by?

A

tibial nerve

53
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

A

diamond-shaped fossa behind the knee

54
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial: Semitendinosus and semi membranosus
Lateral: biceps femoris
Inferior: medial and lateral heads of gastrocneumius

55
Q

When the femoral artery and vein enter the popliteal fossa through the adductor hiatus, what is the name of the vessels they become?

A

popliteal vessels

56
Q

Which division of the sciatic nerve runs directly through the popliteal fossa?

A

tibial nerve

57
Q

What is ‘locking’ the knee?

A

as the knee joint approaches full extension, the femur undergoes a few degrees of medial rotation on the tibia

58
Q

How is the knee ‘unlocked’

A

by the popliteus muscle which laterally rotates the femur

59
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior thigh?

A

femoral artery

60
Q

which artery supplies the posterior thigh and hamstring?

A

profunda femoris

61
Q

Which artery supplies the lateral thigh?

A

lateral femoral circumflex artery

62
Q

The anastomoses around the knee is formed by branches by which arteries?

A

femoral, popliteal and anterior/posterior tibial arteries

63
Q

What are bursae around the knee?

A

fluid filled pouches

64
Q

What is meant by an ‘unhappy triad’?

A
  • combined knee injury
  • excessive lateral twisting of the flexed knee or blow to the lateral side of extended knee
  • tears the tibial collateral ligament which is attached to the medial meniscus which also then tears
  • ACL may tear too
65
Q

The muscles of the thigh are surrounded by a strong layer of fascia called?

A

fascia lata –> divides the thigh into anterior, medial and posterior compartments

66
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

thickened band of the fascia lata on the lateral side of thigh

67
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

A
  1. Quadriceps muscles - vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and rectus femoris
  2. Sartorius, pectineus and iliopsoas
68
Q

Which common tendon do the quadriceps converge onto?

A

quadriceps tendon

69
Q

How is the patella connected to the tibial tuberosity?

A

via the patellar ligament

70
Q

Which quadricep muscle lies deep to rectus femoris?

A

vastus intermedius

71
Q

What is the common insertion of the quadricep muscles?

A

tibial tuberosity

72
Q

What is the knee jerk reflex?

A
  • peripheral neurological examination
  • tests femoral nerve (and the spinal nerve it contains L2, L3, L4)
  • finds half way point between patella and tibial tuberosity and taps with tendon hammer
73
Q

Which 2 muscles form the medial and lateral floor of the femoral triangle?

A

medial floor - pectineus

lateral floor - iliopsoas

74
Q

What are the muscles in the medial thigh?

A
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
  • obturator externus
  • gracilis
  • pectineus
75
Q

Is a patella fracture more common in males or females?

A

females

76
Q

Muscles of the anterior thigh generally act as?

A

hip flexors and knee extensors

77
Q

What forms the:

  1. Floor of popliteal fossa
  2. Roof of popliteal fossa
A
  1. Popliteus muscle

2. fascia lata

78
Q

The popliteal artery is the direct continuation of which vessel?

A

superficial femoral artery

79
Q

The popliteal vein leaves the popliteal fossa and enters the anterior thigh via the adductor hiatus, continuing proximally as which vessel?

A

femoral vein

80
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

bone embedded within a tendon or a muscle e.g patella

81
Q

What nerve innervates the popliteus?

A

tibial

C&M Lower Limb (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions