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Beef MCQ 1 > Week 2 Industry > Flashcards

Week 2 Industry Flashcards

1
Q

Output

A

Stocking Rate x Performance Targets x Quality

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2
Q

Irish Beef Exports 2023

A

UK:
Rest of EU

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3
Q

When do suckler cows calve?

A

70% calve in spring January to May

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4
Q

What is a pastoral system?

A

Following the growth of grass the core of the diet is natural grass and preserved hay and silage

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5
Q

What is the prevalence of grass in the diet?

A

60-80%

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6
Q

How much do specialist beef farms spend on agri inputs each year including both direct and overhead costs?

A

€1.6 billion

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7
Q

How many tonnes of beef is processed annually in Ireland?

A

588,000

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8
Q

What are the number of cattle exported live out of Ireland?

A

190,000

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9
Q

What are the number of cattle imports into Ireland?

A

11,490

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10
Q

How much beef do Irish consumers eat per year?

A

18.6kg of beef per capita/year

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11
Q

Irish beef exports grew by what in 2017?

A

Grew by 5% and reached €2.5 billion

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12
Q

How many tonnes of meat does Ireland export to UK?

A

272,000 tonnes

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13
Q

How many people does the Irish meat processing sector employs in 2014?

A

13,000 people

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14
Q

% Irish beef to retail

A

45%

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15
Q

% beef to food service

A

30%

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16
Q

% beef to further processing

A

25%

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17
Q

In 2018 how many farmers were cattle rearing part time?

A

7,050

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18
Q

In 2018 how many farmers were cattle rearing full time?

A

21,100

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19
Q

In 2018 how many farmers were part time in cattle other?

A

11,029

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20
Q

In 2018 how many farmers were full time in cattle other?

A

30,671

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21
Q

What was the gross margin in cattle other in 2020?

A

€890/ha

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22
Q

What was the gross margin in cattle other in 2020?

A

€32,756

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23
Q

What % beef farms are economically viable?

A

20%

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24
Q

What % beef farmers are sustainable?

A

40%

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25
Q

What does it mean to be economically viable?

A

If FFI is sufficient to remunerate family labour at the minimum wage, €19,600 per labour unit.

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26
Q

What does it mean to be sustainable?

A

if the farm business is unviable, provided the farmer or spouse are in receipt of an off-farm income

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27
Q

Direct payments on cattle rearing from 2011-2017 per farm?

A

€11,500 and €11,400/ha

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28
Q

Beef sector is heavily dependent on direct payments, what % of direct payments account for average FFI on
1) Cattle rearing
2) Cattle other

A

158% cattle rearing
111% cattle other

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29
Q

For each 10% cut in direct payments in the absence of an increase in prices or fall in costs FFI will decline by what on cattle farms?

A

FFI decrease by 14% due to each 10% cut in DP

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30
Q

What has the DP/premiums per ha fallen by for 2008-2018 in the top 1/3rd of Teagasc profit monitor farms for sucklers?

A

€645 to €489 a reduction of €156 per ha or 24%

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31
Q

What was the reduction om DP/ premiums per ha for non-breeding or fattening ?

A

Fallen from €842 to €425/ ha a reduction of €374 per ha or 45%

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32
Q

Why is income for beef producers important?

A

Vital to sustain a vibrant rural community - heart beat of the rural economy

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33
Q

Beef sector output multiplier to support rural economies

A

2.11

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34
Q

Direct payment multiplier to support rural economies

A

> 4

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35
Q

Employment multiplier to support rural economies

A

16.2

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36
Q

Beef farms contribute what to the Irish Economy?

A

Wider societal sustainability, biodiversity, natural landscape and contracting a rural community

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37
Q

How many low volume slaughterhouses supervised by the local authority veterinary service?

A

220

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38
Q

What fraction of the major facilities are members of the meat industry Ireland?

A

3/4

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39
Q

Who are the big beef processors controlling 60% of the kill?

A

Dawn meats, ABP, Kepak

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40
Q

What processors control 25% of the market?

A

Liffey meats, slangy, Dunbia and Donegal

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41
Q

What % of total meat production does MMI process?

A

85% of total beef production processed

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42
Q

Meat processing accounts for what % of the export market?

A

90%

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43
Q

Where remaining 10% comes from?

A

17 EU approved abattoirs not members of the IMA

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44
Q

What % supplied to home market in Ireland?

A

20-25% (87,000 tonnes)

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45
Q

What doe some market account for of processors total throughput?

A

3%

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46
Q

IMA export approved abattoirs supply what?

A

45% and domestic abattoirs 32%

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47
Q

What is overcapacity?

A

Undermining competitiveness and profitability

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48
Q

What is the national capacity utilisation?

A

60%

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49
Q

What is the impact of this extra capacity to increases costs by?

A

12-15% increase increases in costs impacted by extra capacity

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50
Q

What is the weekly cattle availability ranges?

A

25,000 to 38,000

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51
Q

How many additional weekly cattle in 2018?

A

+3.5% increase
55,000 additional cattle weekly

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52
Q

Wha % grass accounts for feed consumed DMI?

A

> 80%

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53
Q

How many export approved abattoirs supervised by the DAFM?

A

32

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54
Q

How many cattle slaughtered per year?

A

1.6-1.7 million head/year

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55
Q

What country is the largest net exporter in the northern hemisphere?

A

Ireland

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56
Q

How many tonnes of beef does Ireland produce annually?

A

560,000-580,000

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57
Q

How many tonnes of beef does the US produce annually?

A

12 million tonnes

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58
Q

How many tonnes of beed does Brazil produce anually?

A

10 million tonnes

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59
Q

What % of world beef production is traded?

A

only 12%

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60
Q

How many tonnes traded annually from Ireland?

A

9 million tonnes

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61
Q

World total beef production ?

A

69 million tonnes

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62
Q

What year was the WTO: world trade organisation created?

A

1995

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63
Q

How many cattle exported live and at what value?

A

190,000-200,000 at €205 million

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64
Q

Slogan for beef industry in Ireland?

A

A €3 billion industry and a €1 billion challenge

65
Q

What is growth driven by?

A

Value not output

66
Q

What increase in beef prices in the last
1) 5 years
2) 10 years

A

1) +33%
2) +70%

67
Q

Irish R3 steer prices

A

+ 70% in last 10 years 240c/kg to 410c/kg

68
Q

What was the revenue increase in the last 5 years?

A

€550m

69
Q

What was the increase/head in beef price?

A

€350/head

70
Q

What is Irelands self sufficiency?

A

700% - have to export

71
Q

Two forms of beef output?

A

1) Beef carcass
2) Live cattle exports - 190,000/yr

72
Q

What is the 2 components of live trade?

A

1) Finished animals exported live and processed in the UK
2) Young calves/weanlings 15-18 months left to finished shipped to continent farmed to maturity and sold to the domestic processing industry

73
Q

How many months left to finish young/calves and weanlings that are shipped to continental Europe?

A

15-18 months

74
Q

Live cattle exports 2016-2018 higher by what?

A

31% higher at 246,000 head

75
Q

Live calf exports 2016-2018 higher by what?

A

55% higher at 158,000 head

76
Q

Live weaning and stores exports 2016-2018 higher by what?

A

8% higher at 64,000 head

77
Q

Live adult cattle exports 2016-2018 decreased by what?

A

11% decrease to 24,000 head

78
Q

Where new weanlings exported to?

A

Italy 63%
Morocco 100%

79
Q

Where are stores exported to ?

A

Italy 26%
UK 22%

80
Q

Where are calves mainly exported to?

A

80% calves to Spain and 100% to Netherlands and Belgium

81
Q

Where are finished cattle exported to?

A

UK

82
Q

What country is Irelands strongest market for calved?

A

Spain

83
Q

Where are French weanlings dominant?

A

Italy

84
Q

Northern Ireland have a demand for what?

A

Store and adult cattle remain firm in 2022
Numbers to Northern Ireland increased in late 2022 in response to tightening cattle supplies

85
Q

Live exports main markets?

A

Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Turkey and France

86
Q

What caused an effect on the market in France?

A

Bluetongue

87
Q

What year had the largest kill?

A

2018 1.80 million head largest kill since 2007

88
Q

What was the kill in 2023?

A

1.77 million head
-3 to 4% <50-60,000

89
Q

What was the kill in 2022?

A

1.82 million head

90
Q

What was the increase in Irish finished prime cattle prices in 2021 vs 2020?

A

12%

91
Q

Irish finished cattle prices increased by what in 2021 vs 2020?

A

20% increase

92
Q

What was the Irish R3 steer price in 2022?

A

81 cents/kg or 21% EU prices positive uplift of 29%

93
Q

R3 steer price in 2020 EU average?

A

350 per 100 kg dw

94
Q

Ireland produces enough beef to feed how many people with a population of 4 million?

A

Produce enough beef to feed 30 million people

95
Q

What % of Irish beef exported to the UK from Ireland?

A

47% at 265,000 tonnes

96
Q

What % Irish beef exported to Europe?

A

45% 250,000 tonnes

97
Q

How many tonnes of Irish beef exported to the UK?

A

265,000 tonnes

98
Q

How many tonnes of Irish beef exported to the EU?

A

250,000 tonnes

99
Q

What % of Irish beef exported to the international market?

A

8%

100
Q

How many tonnes of Irish beef exported to the International Market?

A

45,000 tonnes

101
Q

Main EU countries for export of Irish beef in descending order?

A

France - 60,000 T
Netherlands - 41,000 T
Italy - 30,000 T
Sweden - 25,000 T

102
Q

What affect had coronavirus on meat and livestock sectors?

A

Demand disrupted across major export markets by the closure of restaurants, hotels and bars

103
Q

What % of total volume of Irish beef exported sold into foodservice and manufacturing channels?

A

60%

104
Q

In third market countries what % Irish beef exported into foodservice?

A

82%

105
Q

In continental EU what % of Irish beef exported into
1) Retail
2)Foodservice
3) Manufacturing

A

1) 39%
2) 34%
3) 27%

106
Q

In the UK what % of Irish beef exported into?
1) Retail
2)Foodservice
3) Manufacturing

A

1) 46%
2) 22%
3) 32%

107
Q

What are the EU markets for iRISH BEEF EXPORTS?

A

France, Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Germany and Denmark

108
Q

What are the international markets for Irish Beef Exports?

A

Philippines, Honk Kong, Ghana, Israel, Saudi, Arabia, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, USA and China

109
Q

When did the US market open up to Irish beef exports after a 15 year ban caused by BSE crisis?

A

2015

110
Q

Why was there a 15 year ban in the US market?

A

BSE crisis

111
Q

What as the first EU country granted access to the US market after the 15 year ban?

A

Ireland

112
Q

When did China open its market to Irish Beef?

A

2018

113
Q

Why will the consumption of high quality Irish beef increase in China?

A

Urbanisation, health trends and higher disposable income

114
Q

What % of Irish output is fresh beef supplied to retail, food services and manufacturing in Ireland and across the EU?

A

90%

115
Q

12 years ago, what was the majority of beef produced by beef processing industry?

A

Lower value frozen product

116
Q

What % of worlds water does agriculture use?

A

70%

117
Q

Ruminants have the capacity to use biomass not used by monogastric animals/ humans

A

6 billion tonnes of dry matter

118
Q

What is sustainable production?

A

Carbon efficient
High animal welfare standards
Low antimicrobial usage
Land use - food, feed and fuel
Support rural economies and maintain the countryside

119
Q
A
120
Q
A
121
Q

What is Irelands carbon footprint in comparison to other countries in the EU?

A

Fifth lowest carbon footprint of beef in the EU

121
Q

Grassland based in a temperate climate produce what kg of co2?

A

30 kg CO2 eq kg CW

121
Q

Irelands carbon footprint vs Brazil

A

Irelands carbon footprint is almost one quarter of the Brazilian footprint

122
Q

2030 carbon budget range is what?

A

16-18 MT CO2 eq q

123
Q

NUE across EU, what countries livestock production was the most nitrogen efficient?

A

Ireland

124
Q

What was Irelands NUE in 2015

A

47kg

125
Q

What was Germanys NUE in 2015

A

82kg

126
Q

What was the UK NUE in 2015

A

83kg

127
Q

Nitrogen balance is more favourable for?

A

Suckler cattle then dairy, mixed livestock and non suckler cattle

128
Q

What was the average nitrogen balance for suckler farms?

A

31.8kg.ha

129
Q

What was the average nitrogen balance for non suckler farms?

A

50kg/ha

130
Q

What was the average nitrogen balance for dairy farms?

A

150kg/ha

131
Q

How does carbon leakage occur?

A

If Ireland reduces the production of beef to meet international policy commitments but less carbon-efficient countries increase beef production to satisfy international demand

132
Q

Irelands water stress index is?

A

0

133
Q

What country had the highest water stress index?

A

Australia - 46%
Netherlands and Argentina 24%
US 21%

134
Q

What % of consumers globally have made an effort to buy more sustainable produced food and drink in the last year?

A

75%

135
Q

What % of consumers say sustainable production of food ad drink is important or essential when grocery shopping?

A

43%

136
Q

What is the aim pf the origin green programme

A

Aim in reducing energy inputs. minimising overall carbon footprint and lessening the impact on the environment in order to increase efficiency and competitiveness

137
Q

What are the KPI

A

GHG emissions and farm financial performance

138
Q

Feedback and advice origin green and Bird Bia

A

Carbon footprint, manure management and daily live weight gain

139
Q

What % of animal welfare influences consumers in purchasing food products?

A

33%

140
Q

What % in animal welfare affects the consumer’s willingness to pay a premium for the product?

A

43%

141
Q

Animal welfare assesses and verifies the following:

A

Calf welfare, disbudding, castration, weaning, housing and transport

142
Q

What is the AMU usage on Irish farms?

A

7mg/pcu

143
Q

What is the global estimate of AMU use?

A

45mg/kg

144
Q

What % of consumers in Ireland are vegetarians?

A

6%

145
Q

Cattle are up cyclers what does this mean?

A

They upgrading plant protein into higher quality protein for people

146
Q

Efficiency of human edible food - beef cattle

A

Energy 21-43%
Protein 30-60%

147
Q

Why is the EU most efficient for beef production?

A

Low production of greenhouse gases

148
Q

Medium term rise in EU output by what in 2017 and 2018?

A

3%% rise in 2017 an d 1.8% rise in 2018- after 2018 production remain stable some easing to 7.45 million tonnes

149
Q

EU 27- What did the EU suckler herd increase towards in 2017?

A

12.4 million heads

150
Q

What EU countries have the largest herds by increasing their heads?

A

Spain -41,000
UK -19,000
France- 14,000

151
Q

France suckler herd

A

4.1 million

152
Q

UK suckler herd

A

1.5 million

153
Q

Spain suckler herd

A

1.9 million

154
Q

Ireland suckler herd

A

1.05 million

155
Q

2023 total production?

A

6,745 tonnes
1% decline

156
Q
A

Beef MCQ 1 (2 decks)

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