Week 2 IDs Flashcards

1
Q

Pacific Railroad Act (1862)

A

Connected CA to East and opens settlement of the West
Called for a mix of national and state chartered RR companies, the former of which dealt through travel through territories while latter dealt with travel through states

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2
Q

Homestead Act (1862)

A

Offered cheap federal land for Amercians who want to settle in the west…160 acres for $1.25 per acre or free if you settle and improve land over 5 years → was open to citizens and immigrants → attempt to replicate eastern agrarian culture across the country, but difficulty of water access makes this difficult

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3
Q

Morrill Land Grant College Act 1862

A

Created educational institutions to promote agriculture, fostered advanced farming techniques and military arts → funded through federal land sales; 30,000 acres given to states for each member of Congress.

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4
Q

Omnibus Act of 1889

A
  • Democrats lose 1888 election badly, they fear the GOP will push for admission of new presumably Republican states → which they do through the Omnibus Act, which includes ND, SD, WA, MT, ID and WY added in 1890 → Democratic leaning states come in late UT/NM/AZ
  • Why are Republicans so concerned about getting as much political power as they can via the admittance of states? → Republicans fear for their vision of political economy, fear the southern Dems re-entering politics → Repubs want to maintain some part of the government in face of southern return (at least one veto-point) → fear of returning to Jefferson/Jackson rural and regional economic structure
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5
Q

Dawes Act of 1887

A
  • Took reservation land and broke it up into 160 acre plots (like homestead act) without Indian’s permission and tried to make Indians homesteaders → to do this Indians had to break with tribal identities and become Americans proper → Indians often given subpar land, leftover land created by Dawes act given to white settlers → Teddy Roosevelt thought breaking up the “tribal mass” was great
  • Dawes Act is a failure that violates Indians social cohesiveness and entrenches Indians in a subsistence lifestyle relying on US government for protection from whites and for economic assistance → the policy does eliminate Indians as an obstacle for western expansion
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6
Q

Morrill Tariff Act 1861

A

Established broad-based protective duties on imports, was part of Republican policy of support for industry and developing US economy , part of their “harmony of interests” philosophy.

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7
Q

Welton v. Missouri 1875

A
  • Singer sewing company challenged state law requiring a fee for ppl to sell products manufactured out of state → says law violates commerce clause of the constitution, which SC rules in favor of saying you cant discriminate in terms of products coming from out of state
  • Crucial in fostering a national economy and preventing an “internal tariff” phenomenon
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8
Q

Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad 1886

A

Southern Pacific calls on 14th amendment to challenge CA’s ability to collect taxes→ interpretation of SC ruling that the 14th amendment could be use to protect businesses/corporations as well as people

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9
Q

Homestead Strike 1892

A

Homestead was carnegie’s only unionized plant, who’s skilled workers were part of the AFL → Henry Clay Frick locks out all workers due to the AFL cohort, workers then strike → strikers are then broken by Pennsylvania militia but not b4 Frick is attacked in an attempted assassination attempt by Anarchist Birkman → violence was used on both sides, but it was highlighted more with regard to workers and made them look worse in the public opinion

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10
Q

American Federation of Labor 1886

A

Samuel Gompers → federation of craft unions/skilled workers → didn’t involve themselves in anti-capitalism or politics, simply wanted better conditions/pay for their workers

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