Week 2 - How do cells do what they do?

Question 1

List the functional characteristics of a cell (4)

Answer 1

1. Cell metabolism and energy use
2. Synthesis of molecules
3. Communication
4. Reproduction and inheritance

Question 2

What is the role of the Nucleus

Answer 2

Is the control center of the cell; DNA within the nucleus regulates protein synthesis and therefore the chemical reactions of the cell

Question 3

What is the role of the Mitochondria

Answer 3

Adenosine Tri Phosphate(ATP) production and supply
Increases in number when cell energy requirements increase

Question 4

What is the role of the Ribosomes

Answer 4

• the site of protein synthesis in the cell.
• amino acids are assembled into chains of proteins/’
• composed of 2 subunits ( small and large)

Question 5

What is the role of the lysosomes

Answer 5

Membrane-found vesicles that form@ Golgi apparatus, contain enzymes that digest or break down waste

products that the cell no longer require

Serves to digest molecules( nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbs ect.)

Question 6

explain the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Where lipid(fats), steroid,s and carbohydrates are synthesized
Detoxification of harmful substances such as drugs 
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 7

Explain the function of the Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

The endoplasmic reticulum is rough when ribosomes are present, synthesis and modification of proteins.

Question 8

What is the function of the centrosomes

Answer 8

SERVES AS CELL DIVISION, PULLS CELLS APART

Barrel-shaped organelles orientated at right angles to each other, centriole wall composed of microtubules.

2 centrioles can be found at the cell center

Question 9

Explain the function of the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

Modifies packages and distributes proteins and lipids that are made inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum- for secretion or internal use by the cell

Question 10

Describe the function of the plasma membrane

Answer 10

Encloses and supports cellular contents,

controls what goes in and out of the Cell,

regulates intra vs extracellular material,

cell to cell communication,

produces charge difference

Question 11

Explain the role of cilia

Answer 11

Move materials over the surface of cells

Question 12

What is the function of Microvilli

Answer 12

increase surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified to form sensory receptors

Question 13

What are the four primary tissue types

Answer 13

Epithelial tissue

Connective tissue

Muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

Question 14

What is the role of Epithelial tissue

Answer 14

protection, diffusion, filtration, absorption, secretion, and sensory reception.

Question 15

Describe the role of Connective tissue

Answer 15

Supports, Protects and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body

Question 16

Describe the role of Muscle tissue

Answer 16

It contracts or shortens with a force so is therefore responsible for movement

Question 17

Describe the role of Nervous Tissue

Answer 17

coordinating and controlling many body activities. Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves and is characterized by the ability to conduct electrical signals called action potentials.