Week 2 Heart & Blood Flashcards
Where is the heart located?
Within the thoracic cavity, between the lungs in the mediastinum.
What are the layers of the heart wall?
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium.
What is the function of the pericardium?
Protects the heart and reduces friction with pericardial fluid.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
What are the four valves of the heart?
Tricuspid, pulmonary, bicuspid (mitral), aortic.
What are the two circuits of circulation?
Pulmonary (heart-lungs-heart) and systemic (heart-body-heart).
What is the function of the pulmonary circuit?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left heart.
What is the function of the systemic circuit?
Carries oxygenated blood from the left heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right heart.
What vessels supply the heart with blood?
Left and right coronary arteries.
Where does coronary venous blood drain?
Into the right atrium via the coronary sinus.
What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node.
What is the function of the AV node?
Delays impulse to allow atrial contraction before ventricular contraction.
What is the role of the Purkinje fibers?
Distribute electrical impulses to ventricles for contraction.
What does the P wave represent?
Atrial depolarization.
What does the QRS complex represent?
Ventricular depolarization.
What does the T wave represent?
Ventricular repolarization.
What are the major factors that regulate heart rate?
Autonomic nervous system, hormones, ionic composition, body temperature.
How do baroreceptors influence heart rate?
Detect blood pressure changes and send signals to adjust heart rate.
Which hormones increase heart rate?
Epinephrine and thyroid hormones.
What are the main components of blood?
Plasma, erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and platelets.
What is the function of erythrocytes?
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What hormone regulates RBC production?
Erythropoietin (EPO) from the kidneys.
What are the types of leukocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes.
What is the function of platelets?
Clotting and prevention of blood loss.
