Week 2: Functional Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Approximately how much does the brain weigh?

Answer 1

1300-1400g

Question 2

What is grey matter made of?

Answer 2

Neuron bodies

Question 3

What is white matter made of?

Answer 3

Axons

Question 4

What is sulci/sulcus?

Answer 4

Small grooves dividing the gyri

Question 5

What is fissure?

Answer 5

Larger, deeper grooves

Question 6

What is gyri/gyrus?

Answer 6

Elevated ridges between the sulci

Question 7

What is lateralisation of the brain?

Answer 7

Where functions are mainly controlled by the same hemisphere

Question 8

What are the two halves of the brain referred to as?

Answer 8

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 9

Fibres that connect hemispheres and coordinate their functions

Question 10

What are the main structures of the hindbrain?

Answer 10

Brain stems and cerebellum

Question 11

What is the role of the hindbrain?

Answer 11

Controlling consciousness, arousal and basic life processes

Question 12

What is the role of the cerebellum?

Answer 12

Controls balance, movement timing and coordination

Question 13

What are the two main structures of the midbrain?

Answer 13

Tectum and tegmentum

Question 14

Where is the tectum located?

Answer 14

Dorsal area (top part) of the midbrain

Question 15

Where is the tegmentum located?

Answer 15

Ventral area (bottom part) of the midbrain

Question 16

What are the two components of the tectum?

Answer 16

The inferior and superior colliculus

Question 17

What is the role of the inferior colliculi?

Answer 17

Processes auditory inputs

Question 18

What is the role of the superior colliculi?

Answer 18

Processes visual inputs

Question 19

What is the tegmentum responsible for?

Answer 19

Homeostatic, reflexive and motor functions

Question 20

What are the four main parts of the diencephalon?

Answer 20

Epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus and hypothalamus

Question 21

Where is the thalamus located?

Answer 21

Between the midbrain and forebrain

Question 22

What is the thalamus?

Answer 22

Relay station for sensory information and receives inputs from cerebral cortex

Question 23

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Answer 23

Regulating Autonomic Nervous System, pituitary gland activity and primitive functions

Question 24

Where is the diencephalon located?

Answer 24

In the forebrain

Question 25

Where is the telencephalon located?

Answer 25

In the forebrain

Question 26

What is the role of the epithalamus?

Answer 26

To connect the limbic system to other parts of the brain and regulate motor pathways and emotion

Question 27

Where is the epithalamus located?

Answer 27

Dorsal (top part) of the diencephalon

Question 28

What is the role of the subthalamus?

Answer 28

Regulates movement along the rest of the basal ganglia

Question 29

Where is the subthalamus located?

Answer 29

Between the midbrain and diencephalon

Question 30

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 30

Between the thalamus and above the pituitary gland

Question 31

What are the main structures of the telencephalon?

Answer 31

The limbic system, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

Question 32

What is the basal ganglia?

Answer 32

A group of structures linked to the thalamus at the base of the brain

Question 33

What is the basal ganglia responsible for?

Answer 33

Coordination and movement

Question 34

Which structures are included in the limbic system?

Answer 34

Amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia and cingulate gyrus

Question 35

What is the limbic system responsible for?

Answer 35

Behavioural and emotional responses

Question 36

Where is the amygdala located?

Answer 36

In the middle of the brain

Question 37

What is the amygdala responsible for?

Answer 37

Processing emotions and memories associated with fear

Question 38

Where is the cingulate gyrus located?

Answer 38

Lies above the corpus callosum

Question 39

What is the cingulate gyrus responsible for?

Answer 39

- Regulating emotions and pain - Predicting and avoiding negative consequences

Question 40

Which components are included in the limbic system and basal ganglia?

Answer 40

Fornix, cingulate cortex mammillary bodies, septum, amygdala and hypothalamus

Question 41

What are ventricles in the brain?

Answer 41

Spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 42

What is the role of the ventricles in the brain?

Answer 42

Fluid cushions and protects the brain and allows chemicals to pass

Question 43

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 43

Outer layer which lies on top of the cerebrum and is divided into four lobes

Question 44

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 44

Higher-level cognition (e.g. decision-making)

Question 45

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

Answer 45

Processing sensory information - mainly touch, taste and temperature

Question 46

Where is the parietal lobe located?

Answer 46

The upper back area of the skull

Question 47

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 47

Audition, olfaction (smell), language and memory

Question 48

Where is the temporal lobe located?

Answer 48

Behind the ears

Question 49

What is the hippocampus responsible for?

Answer 49

Memory

Question 50

What is the sensory homunculus?

Answer 50

A map along the cerebral cortex of where each part of the body is processed

Question 51

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

Answer 51

Processes visual information

Question 52

What are the main structures of the forebrain?

Answer 52

Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, basal ganglia, cerebral hemispheres and hippcoampus

Question 53

What are the main structures of the forebrain?

Answer 53

Thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, basal ganglia, cerebral hemispheres and hippocampus