Week 2: Foundation of Networking Flashcards
What is the purpose of a layered architecture in computer networks?
A. To divide the network process into smaller sub-tasks
B. To create a single large task for the network
C. To eliminate the need for network protocols
D. To reduce the number of network devices
A. To divide the network process into smaller sub-tasks
Explanation: Layered architecture divides the whole network process into smaller sub-tasks, each assigned to a specific layer to perform dedicated tasks.
What does OSI stand for?
A. Open System Integration
B. Open Systems Interconnection
C. Operational Systems Interconnection
D. Open Source Integration
B. Open Systems Interconnection
Explanation: OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection, which is a seven-layered architecture used to standardize network communication.
How many layers are there in the OSI model?
A. Seven
B. Five
C. Six
D. Eight
A. Seven
Explanation: The OSI model consists of seven layers, each with specific functions to facilitate network communication.
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing data between devices?
A. Physical Layer
B. Data Link Layer
C. Network Layer
D. Transport Layer
C. Network Layer
Explanation: The Network Layer is responsible for routing data between devices and managing logical addressing.
What is the primary function of the Transport Layer in the OSI model?
A. Physical transmission of data
B. Data encryption and decryption
C. Reliable data transfer and error recovery
D. Network routing
C. Reliable data transfer and error recovery
Explanation: The Transport Layer ensures reliable data transfer, error recovery, and flow control between devices.
How many layers are there in the TCP/IP model?
A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Seven
B. Four
Explanation: The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface.
Which protocol operates at the Transport Layer of the TCP/IP model?
A. IP
B. TCP
C. HTTP
D. Ethernet
B. TCP
Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operates at the Transport Layer of the TCP/IP model, providing reliable data transfer.
What is the main difference between the OSI and TCP/IP models?
A. The number of layers
B. The types of devices used
C. The physical medium of transmission
D. The data encryption methods
A. The number of layers
Explanation: The main difference between the OSI and TCP/IP models is the number of layers; the OSI model has seven layers, while the TCP/IP model has four layers.
What type of network is used for communication among devices in proximity to an individual’s workspace?
A. LAN
B. PAN
C. MAN
D. WAN
B. PAN
Explanation: A Personal Area Network (PAN) is used for communication among devices such as computers, smartphones, and tablets in proximity to an individual’s workspace.
What is a typical use case for a Local Area Network (LAN)?
A. Connecting computers within a single building or campus
B. Connecting devices across different cities
C. Connecting devices over the internet
D. Connecting devices in a personal workspace
A. Connecting computers within a single building or campus
Explanation: A Local Area Network (LAN) is typically used to connect computers, servers, printers, and other devices within the same physical location, such as a building or campus.
What technology is commonly used in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)?
A. Ethernet
B. Wi-Fi
C. Fiber optic
D. Coaxial cable
B. Wi-Fi
Explanation: Wi-Fi is a common technology used in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) to connect devices wirelessly within a limited area.
What is a Campus Area Network (CAN) designed to connect?
A. Devices within a single room
B. Multiple buildings within a limited geographic area
C. Devices across different cities
D. Devices over the internet
B. Multiple buildings within a limited geographic area
Explanation: A Campus Area Network (CAN) is designed to connect multiple buildings within a limited geographic area, such as a university campus or corporate campus.
What is the coverage area of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
A. A single building
B. A personal workspace
C. A larger geographic area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN
D. An entire country
C. A larger geographic area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN
Explanation: A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) covers a larger geographic area than a Local Area Network (LAN) but is smaller than a Wide Area Network (WAN).
What is a Wide Area Network (WAN) typically used for?
A. Connecting devices within a single building
B. Connecting multiple smaller networks over broad areas
C. Connecting devices in a personal workspace
D. Connecting devices within a limited geographic area
B. Connecting multiple smaller networks over broad areas
Explanation: A Wide Area Network (WAN) is used to connect multiple smaller networks, such as LANs or MANs, over broad areas, such as cities, countries, or even intercontinental distances.
What is the primary purpose of a Storage-Area Network (SAN)?
A. Connecting devices within a single building
B. Providing block-level access to data storage
C. Connecting devices over the internet
D. Connecting devices in a personal workspace
B. Providing block-level access to data storage
Explanation: A Storage-Area Network (SAN) provides block-level access to data storage, making storage devices appear as locally attached to the operating system.
What is an Enterprise Private Network (EPN) used for?
A. Connecting devices within a single building
B. Connecting various locations of an organization securely
C. Connecting devices over the internet
D. Connecting devices in a personal workspace
B. Connecting various locations of an organization securely
Explanation: An Enterprise Private Network (EPN) is used to connect various locations of an organization securely, allowing for internal communication and resource sharing.
What is the main function of a Virtual Private Network (VPN)?
A. Connecting devices within a single building
B. Creating a secure connection to another network over the internet
C. Connecting devices in a personal workspace
D. Providing block-level access to data storage
B. Creating a secure connection to another network over the internet
Explanation: A Virtual Private Network (VPN) creates a secure connection to another network over the internet, allowing data to be sent and received as if the devices were directly connected to the private network.
Which network topology connects all devices to a central hub?
A. Star topology
B. Bus topology
C. Ring topology
D. Mesh topology
A. Star topology
Explanation: In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub, which acts as a central point of communication.
What is the purpose of multiplexing in networking?
A. To reduce the number of network devices
B. To send multiple signals over a single channel
C. To eliminate the need for network protocols
D. To create a single large task for the network
B. To send multiple signals over a single channel
Explanation: Multiplexing is used in networking to send multiple signals over a single channel, increasing the efficiency of data transmission.
Which type of multiplexing is typically used for telecommunications?
A. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
B. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
C. Statistical Multiplexing
D. Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)
A. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
Explanation: Analog multiplexing, typically used for telecommunications, uses Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) to divide the frequency spectrum into multiple channels.
What is the difference between Synchronous TDM and Asynchronous TDM?
A. Synchronous TDM has fixed time slots, while Asynchronous TDM does not
B. Asynchronous TDM has fixed time slots, while Synchronous TDM does not
C. Both have fixed time slots
D. Neither has fixed time slots
A. Synchronous TDM has fixed time slots, while Asynchronous TDM does not
Explanation: In Synchronous TDM, there are a set number of connections that divide the frame into fixed time slots. Asynchronous TDM, also known as Statistical TDM, uses a technique where time slots are not fixed.
What type of transmission media uses pulses of light to encode data?
A. Metal wires within cables
B. Glass or plastic fibers within cables (fiber-optic cable)
C. Wireless transmission
D. Coaxial cable
B. Glass or plastic fibers within cables (fiber-optic cable)
Explanation: Fiber-optic cables use pulses of light to encode data, allowing for high-speed data transmission over long distances.
What is the purpose of twisting the pairs of wires in a twisted-pair cable?
A. To increase the cable length
B. To reduce interference
C. To increase data transmission speed
D. To simplify installation
B. To reduce interference
Explanation: In twisted-pair cables, the wires are twisted together to reduce electromagnetic interference, improving the quality of data transmission.
What is the core material of a coaxial cable?
A. Plastic
B. Glass
C. Copper
D. Aluminum
C. Copper
Explanation: Coaxial cables have a single rigid copper core that conducts the signal, providing a reliable medium for data transmission.
What is the diameter of a typical fiber-optic cable?
A. As thick as a pencil
B. As thick as a rope
C. About the same as a human hair
D. As thick as a metal wire
C. About the same as a human hair
Explanation: Fiber-optic cables can be either glass or plastic with a diameter about the same as a human hair, allowing them to carry digital information at very high speeds over long distances.
How are radio waves transmitted?
A. In every direction throughout free space
B. In a straight line
C. Through cables
D. Through fiber optics
A. In every direction throughout free space
Explanation: Radio waves are transmitted omnidirectionally, meaning they spread out in every direction throughout free space and can be received by any antenna within range.
What is the frequency range used for terrestrial microwave transmission?
A. 1-3 GHz
B. 4-12 GHz
C. 13-20 GHz
D. 21-30 GHz
B. 4-12 GHz
Explanation: Terrestrial microwave transmission uses high directional antennas for line-of-sight propagation paths that operate within the frequency range of 4-12 GHz.
Where are signals transmitted in satellite microwave transmission?
A. Through fiber-optic cables
B. Through coaxial cables
C. To satellites positioned in space
D. Through metal wires
C. To satellites positioned in space
Explanation: In satellite microwave transmission, signals are transmitted to satellites positioned in space, which then retransmit the signals to appropriate locations on Earth.
Which of the following is a criterion for choosing network media?
A. Maximum distance the media can carry a signal
B. Number of devices connected
C. Type of network protocol used
D. Number of users
A. Maximum distance the media can carry a signal
Explanation: One of the main criteria for choosing network media is the maximum distance that the media can successfully carry a signal, ensuring reliable communication over the required distance.
What is an important factor to consider when designing transmission media?
A. Number of network devices
B. Bandwidth of the transmission medium
C. Type of network protocol used
D. Number of users
B. Bandwidth of the transmission medium
Explanation: When designing transmission media, it is important to consider the bandwidth of the transmission medium, as greater bandwidth allows for a higher data transmission rate.
What is the primary function of the (Layer 1) Physical Layer in the OSI model?
A. Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium
B. Data encryption and decryption
C. Routing data between devices
D. Establishing, managing, and terminating connections
A. Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium
Explanation: The Physical Layer is responsible for the transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium, such as cables or wireless signals.
Which of the following is a device that operates at the Physical Layer?
A. Router
B. Switch
C. Hub
D. Firewall
C. Hub
Explanation: A hub is a device that operates at the Physical Layer, as it simply transmits data to all connected devices without any processing.
What is the main function of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model?
A. Data encryption and decryption
B. Error detection and correction
C. Routing data between devices
D. Establishing, managing, and terminating connections
B. Error detection and correction
Explanation: The Data Link Layer is responsible for error detection and correction, as well as framing and flow control.
Which protocol operates at the (Layer 2) Data Link Layer?
A. IP
B. Ethernet
C. TCP
D. HTTP
B. Ethernet
Explanation: Ethernet is a protocol that operates at the Data Link Layer, providing the means for devices to communicate within a local area network (LAN).
What is the primary function of the (Layer 3) Network Layer in the OSI model?
A. Data encryption and decryption
B. Error detection and correction
C. Routing data between devices
D. Establishing, managing, and terminating connections
C. Routing data between devices
Explanation: The Network Layer is responsible for routing data between devices and managing logical addressing.
Which protocol operates at the Network Layer?
A. IP
B. Ethernet
C. TCP
D. HTTP
A. IP
Explanation: The Internet Protocol (IP) operates at the Network Layer, providing logical addressing and routing of data packets.
What is the main function of the (Layer 4) Transport Layer in the OSI model?
A. Data encryption and decryption
B. Error detection and correction
C. Reliable data transfer and error recovery
D. Establishing, managing, and terminating connections
C. Reliable data transfer and error recovery
Explanation: The Transport Layer ensures reliable data transfer, error recovery, and flow control between devices.
Which protocol operates at the Transport Layer?
A. IP
B. Ethernet
C. TCP
D. HTTP
C. TCP
Explanation: The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) operates at the Transport Layer, providing reliable data transfer and error recovery.
What is the primary function of the (Layer 5) Session Layer in the OSI model?
A. Data encryption and decryption
B. Error detection and correction
C. Routing data between devices
D. Establishing, managing, and terminating connections
D. Establishing, managing, and terminating connections
Explanation: The Session Layer is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating connections between applications.
Which of the following is a function of the (Layer 5) Session Layer?
A. Dialog control
B. Data encryption
C. Routing
D. Error correction
A. Dialog control
Explanation: The Session Layer provides dialog control, managing the interactions between communicating applications.
What is the main function of the (Layer 6) Presentation Layer in the OSI model?
A. Data translation and encryption
B. Error detection and correction
C. Routing data between devices
D. Establishing, managing, and terminating connections
A. Data translation and encryption
Explanation: The Presentation Layer is responsible for data translation, encryption, and compression, ensuring that data is in a usable format for the application layer.
Which of the following is a function of the Presentation Layer?
A. Routing
B. Data compression
C. Error correction
D. Dialog control
B. Data compression
Explanation: The Presentation Layer handles data compression, reducing the size of data for efficient transmission.
What is the primary function of the (Layer 7) Application Layer in the OSI model?
A. Data encryption and decryption
B. Error detection and correction
C. Routing data between devices
D. Providing network services to applications
D. Providing network services to applications
Explanation: The Application Layer provides network services directly to applications, enabling them to communicate over the network.
Which protocol operates at the Application Layer?
A. IP
B. Ethernet
C. TCP
D. HTTP
D. HTTP
Explanation: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) operates at the Application Layer, enabling web browsers to communicate with web servers.
