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Anatomy year 2 semester 2 > week 2, eye and orbit > Flashcards

week 2, eye and orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Orbit?

A

A bony cavity in the facial skeleton

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2
Q

What is the orientation of the orbit?

A

it is pyramidal containing;
A base
4 walls
Apex posteriorly

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3
Q

What does the orbit contain?

A 
Eyeball
Optic nerve
Ocular muscles
Fascia
Nerves
Vessels
Fat 
Lacrimal gland and sac
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4
Q

What is the function of the orbit?

A

Protection of the structures held within it. Serves as a vessel for the eyeball

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5
Q

How many walls are there of the orbit and what are they?

A 
4 walls,
Superior
Inferior
Medial
Lateral
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6
Q

What is the orbit lined with?

A

Periosteum called periorbita

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7
Q

What is periorbita continuous with?

A

the dura at the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure

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8
Q

What is the superior wall of the orbit formed by? What does the superior wall contain?

A

The Frontal bone
The posterior aspect if formed by the greater wing of the sphenoid

It contains the fossa for the lacrimal gland

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9
Q

What is the medial wall of the orbit formed by?

A

Mostly by the ethmoid bone
Frontal bone
Lacrimal bone
Sphenoid bone

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10
Q

What is found anterior to the medial wall of the orbit?

A

The lacrimal fossa
the lacrimal sac
Proximal part of the nasolacrimal duct

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11
Q

What separates the medial walls of the orbit?

A

The ethmoid sinuses and upper nasal cavity

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12
Q

What is the inferior wall of the orbit formed by?

A

Mainly by the maxilla

Partly by the zygomatic and palatine bones

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13
Q

What is the lateral wall of the orbit formed by?

A

Formed by the zygomatic bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid

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14
Q

What is the orientation of both lateral walls of the orbit?

A

The two lateral walls are almost perpendicular (occur at right angles to each other)

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15
Q

Where is the apex of the orbit found?

A

It is found at the optic canal in the lesser wing of the sphenoid just medial to the superior orbital foramen

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16
Q

What is the function of the eyelid?

A

Protects the cornea from dust and excessive light
Covers the anterior eyeball when closed
Helps keep cornea moist by spreading lacrimal fluid

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17
Q

What is found externally and internally to the eyelid?

A 
Externally = Skin
Internally = palpebral conjunctiva
18
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

Mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and anterior eyeball

19
Q

What is the palpebral conjunctiva?

A

Mucous membrane that lines the eyelid

20
Q

What is the bulbar conjunctiva?

A

Mucous membrane that lines the anterior eyeball (sclera)

21
Q

What are the conjunctiva fornices?

A

The place at which the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva meet. (both superior and inferior)

22
Q

What are the tarsal plates?

A

Dense bands of connective tissue that form the “skeleton” of the superior and inferior eyelids

23
Q

What are the tarsal glands?

A

glands that secrete lipid substance which lubricates the edges of the eyelids, preventing them from sticking together.

Found within tarsal plates

24
Q

What are the ligaments of the eyelid?

A

Lateral and Medial palpebral ligaments

These connect the tarsal plates to the orbit and nose

25
Q

What is the orbicularis occuli muscle?

A

The circular muscle surrounding the tarsal plates

26
Q

What does the lacrimal apparatus consist of?

A 
Lacrimal glands
Lacrimal ducts
Lacrimal lake
Lacrimal canaliculi
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
27
Q

What causes the release of lacrimal fluid?

A

The facial nerve

28
Q

What are the three layers of the eyeball?

A

Outer fiborous layer (sclera,cornea)
Middle vascular layer (choroid, ciliary body, iris)
Inner layer (retina, optic and non visual parts)

29
Q

What is the cornea?

A

The transperant part of the fiborous coat which covers the anterior 1/6 of the eyeball

it is avascular and sensitive to touch

30
Q

What is the choroid and where is it found?

A

A drak brown membrane found in the middle vascular layer between the sclera and retina

It absorbs excess light

31
Q

What is the cillary body? What is its function?

A

It connects the choroid with the circumference of the iris

Secretes aqueous humor which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye

32
Q

How many chambers of the eye are there and what are they?

A

two;

Anterior (between cornea and iris anteriorly and the iris and pupil posteriorly)

Posterior (Between iris and pupil anteriorly and the lens and the ciliary body posteriorly)

33
Q

What is the iris and where is it found?

A

A thin contractile muscular diaphragm that lies anterior to the lens, it is responsible for dilating and contracting the pupil)

34
Q

What is the retina?

A

a 10 layered nervous tissue membrane which is continuous to the optic nerve

it recieves visual images of external objects and transmits impulses via the optic nerve to the brain

35
Q

What are rod cells and where are they found?

A

They are photoreceptors located peripherally in the retina. they respond to dim light for black and white vision

36
Q

What are cone cells and where are they found?

A

They are photoreceptors that provide daylight colour vision and greater visual acuity

They are concentrated in the fovea

37
Q

What are the muscles of the orbit?

A

There are 7:
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Superior, inferior, medial and lateral rectus muscles
Superior and inferior oblique muscles

38
Q

What is the nerve supply to all the eye muscles apart from one. Which muscle is the other one and what supplies it?

A

Oculomotor nerve for all muscles

Apart from lateral rectus which is supplies by the abducent nerve

39
Q

What nerves innervate the orbit?

A

Occulomotor
Trochlea
Abducent
Branches of the opthalmic nerve

40
Q

What areries supply the orbit?

A

Opthalmic artery (branch of the internal carotid artery)

infraorbital artery (branch of the maxillary artery)

41
Q

What do the veins of the orbit pass through and drain into?

A

Pass through the superior orbital foramen and drain into the cavernous sinus

Anatomy year 2 semester 2 (2 decks)

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