Week 2, Earth's Internal Energy and Plate Tectonics Flashcards
In a normal fault the hanging walls slides
down.
In a reverse fault the hanging wall slides
up.
In an oblique fault the hanging wall slides
diagonally.
High temperature makes rock too ____ to _____.
High temperature makes rock too plastic to rupture.
Theory of catastrophism
Earth is shaped by sudden and violent events.
Theory of Uniformitarianism
Same natural laws and processes that operate now have always operated as such.
Earth’s history as a slow, natural process.
How is continental drift, and pangea, proved?
Proved by:
- how continents fit together
- rock types/ages
- continuity of mountain ranges
- glacier striations
- fossils
- mid-ocean ridges
- trenches
Glacier Striations
As a glacier flows it scrapes against rocks and creates long marks. These are called glacier striations.
The age of the lithosphere ____ as we increase distance from ridges.
The age of the lithosphere increases as we increase distances from ridges.
Old oceanic lithosphere has ____ sediment while young oceanic lithosphere has ____ sediment.
Old oceanic lithosphere has thick sediment while young oceanic lithosphere has thin sediment.
Paleomagnetism
Study of geologic record of Earth’s magnetic field through time.
How Earth’s magnetic field has changed over time.
Earth’s magnetic field can induce _____ magnetization in some minerals.
Earth’s magnetic field can induce thermal-remanent magnetization in some minerals.
As new volcanic rocks cool, their electron domains
align with the magnetic field.
What is a positive anomaly indicative of?
Thermal-remanent magnetization in minerals is the same direction as Earth’s magnetic field.
What is a negative anomaly indicative of?
Thermal-remanent magnetization in minerals is the opposite direction of Earth’s magnetic field.
