Week 2 CVD, Cancer and PA

Question 1

What % of deaths in Australia was CVD accountable for?

Answer 1

approx 30% (2016)

Question 2

Types of Heart Conditions

Answer 2

Arrythmias, Coronary Heart Disease, Chronic Heart Failure, Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). Stroke

Question 3

Arrythmias

Answer 3

Abnormal heart rhythm (heart racing)
Cause: Problems in heart’s electrical system; associated with heart disease, angina, lifestyle choices, medication reactions.

Question 4

Coronary Heart Disease,

Answer 4

arteries become more narrow (reduces blood flow due to plaque), underlying cause of heart attack,

Question 5

Chronic Heart Failure

Answer 5

many Australians live with this condition, heart muscle is damaged (becomes week)

Question 6

Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)

Answer 6

valves of the heart are damaged, impairing its capability to control the direction of blood flow

Question 7

Stroke

Answer 7

blood supply to brain is interrupted
2 Types:
1) Ischemic - blood clot or cholesterol plaque blocks a blood vessel
2) Hemorrhagic - a blood vessel leaks or breaks

Question 8

Unmodifiable Risk Factors of CVD

Answer 8

Age, Gender (males at higher risk), family history, ethnic background

Question 9

Modifiable Risk Factors of CVD

Answer 9

smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholestrol, overweight and obesity poor nutrition, diabetes, stress, physical inactivity

Question 10

Smoking

Answer 10

14.7% of adults in Australia smoke
2x the risk of developing CVD

Question 11

High Blood Pressure

Answer 11

2017-2018 4.3 mill Australian’s (23%) aged 18+ measured high blood pressure

Question 12

Cholestrol

Answer 12

4-5.5mmol/L = normal
over 5.5mmol/L = increased risk of CVD
6.3% of Australian’s (2016) have abnormal levels of cholesterol (High LDL cholesterol)

Question 13

Overweight and Obesity

Answer 13

67% of Adults were overweight or obese in 2017-18
31% categorised as obese

Question 14

Nutrition

Answer 14

only 5.1% of Aussie adults had an adequate daily intake of fruit and vegetables (Fruit - 2-3 Vegetables - 3)

Question 15

Diabetes

Answer 15

Changes chemical makeup in the blood.
CVD is the most common cause of death in T2 diabetics

Question 16

Stress

Answer 16

Perceived self - reported psychological stress increases the risk of CVD events, stroke and mortality.

Question 17

How many minutes of PA will reduce the risk of CVD

Answer 17

150 mins/week of moderate to vigorous decreases risk by 14%
300min/week decreases risk by 20%
Those who were ‘most active’ decrease by 30-35%

Question 18

What do cardiac rehabilitation sessions provide support with

Answer 18

Learning about treatment, Restarting normal activity, changing one’s lifestyle to improve heart health, managing medicines, stopping smoking, knowing warning signs.

Question 19

How long does cardiac rehabilitation run for

Answer 19

6-10 weeks

Question 20

Cancer

Answer 20

leading cause of death world wide
2023 –> estimated 130,000 Australian’s will be diagnosed with cancer
= 1 person every 4 mins
1/3 of all cancer cases are preventable (WHO)
more than 1/2 of all cancers could be prevented from combination of health lifestyle and regular screening

Question 21

What is cancer

Answer 21

diseases characterised by uncontrollable and abnormal cell growth

Question 22

Benign Tumor

Answer 22

similar to surrounding cells (enclosed in a membrane - prevents them from penetrating other tissues.

Question 23

Malignant (cancer)

Answer 23

break away from each other more easily than normal cells (invades surrounding tissue & spreads via blood and lymph circulation

Question 24

Categories of Cancer

Answer 24

1) Carcinoma - 80-90% of all cases
2) Sarcoma - Tumors (soft tissue or bone sarcoma)
3) Lymphoma - develop in glands/nodes of lymphatic system (Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin)
4) Leukemia - liquid or blood cancers
5) Myeloma - originates in plasma cell of bone marrow
6 CNS cancer - begins in brain/spinal cord
7) Mixed types e.g carcionosarcoma

Question 25

Cancer stats

Answer 25

14-20% of cancers in Aus are associated with overweight or obesity.
Breast, prostate, colorectal, melanoma and lung cancer are the most common cancers diagnosed in 2019.

Question 26

PA and Colorectal Cancer

Answer 26

can protect against colon cancer and tumor development (energy balance, hormone metabolism, insulin regulation, and by decreasing the time the colon is exposed to potential carcinogens)

Question 27

PA and Breast Cancer

Answer 27

more active reduces risk of developing BC than inactive women.
- Lowers hormone levels preventing tumor development
- weight maintenance