Week 2 CVD, Cancer and PA Flashcards
What % of deaths in Australia was CVD accountable for?
approx 30% (2016)
Types of Heart Conditions
Arrythmias, Coronary Heart Disease, Chronic Heart Failure, Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). Stroke
Arrythmias
Abnormal heart rhythm (heart racing)
Cause: Problems in heart’s electrical system; associated with heart disease, angina, lifestyle choices, medication reactions.
Coronary Heart Disease,
arteries become more narrow (reduces blood flow due to plaque), underlying cause of heart attack,
Chronic Heart Failure
many Australians live with this condition, heart muscle is damaged (becomes week)
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)
valves of the heart are damaged, impairing its capability to control the direction of blood flow
Stroke
blood supply to brain is interrupted
2 Types:
1) Ischemic - blood clot or cholesterol plaque blocks a blood vessel
2) Hemorrhagic - a blood vessel leaks or breaks
Unmodifiable Risk Factors of CVD
Age, Gender (males at higher risk), family history, ethnic background
Modifiable Risk Factors of CVD
smoking, high blood pressure, high blood cholestrol, overweight and obesity poor nutrition, diabetes, stress, physical inactivity
Smoking
14.7% of adults in Australia smoke
2x the risk of developing CVD
High Blood Pressure
2017-2018 4.3 mill Australian’s (23%) aged 18+ measured high blood pressure
Cholestrol
4-5.5mmol/L = normal
over 5.5mmol/L = increased risk of CVD
6.3% of Australian’s (2016) have abnormal levels of cholesterol (High LDL cholesterol)
Overweight and Obesity
67% of Adults were overweight or obese in 2017-18
31% categorised as obese
Nutrition
only 5.1% of Aussie adults had an adequate daily intake of fruit and vegetables (Fruit - 2-3 Vegetables - 3)
Diabetes
Changes chemical makeup in the blood.
CVD is the most common cause of death in T2 diabetics
Stress
Perceived self - reported psychological stress increases the risk of CVD events, stroke and mortality.
How many minutes of PA will reduce the risk of CVD
150 mins/week of moderate to vigorous decreases risk by 14%
300min/week decreases risk by 20%
Those who were ‘most active’ decrease by 30-35%
What do cardiac rehabilitation sessions provide support with
Learning about treatment, Restarting normal activity, changing one’s lifestyle to improve heart health, managing medicines, stopping smoking, knowing warning signs.
How long does cardiac rehabilitation run for
6-10 weeks
Cancer
leading cause of death world wide
2023 –> estimated 130,000 Australian’s will be diagnosed with cancer
= 1 person every 4 mins
1/3 of all cancer cases are preventable (WHO)
more than 1/2 of all cancers could be prevented from combination of health lifestyle and regular screening
What is cancer
diseases characterised by uncontrollable and abnormal cell growth
Benign Tumor
similar to surrounding cells (enclosed in a membrane - prevents them from penetrating other tissues.
Malignant (cancer)
break away from each other more easily than normal cells (invades surrounding tissue & spreads via blood and lymph circulation
Categories of Cancer
1) Carcinoma - 80-90% of all cases
2) Sarcoma - Tumors (soft tissue or bone sarcoma)
3) Lymphoma - develop in glands/nodes of lymphatic system (Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin)
4) Leukemia - liquid or blood cancers
5) Myeloma - originates in plasma cell of bone marrow
6 CNS cancer - begins in brain/spinal cord
7) Mixed types e.g carcionosarcoma
Cancer stats
14-20% of cancers in Aus are associated with overweight or obesity.
Breast, prostate, colorectal, melanoma and lung cancer are the most common cancers diagnosed in 2019.
PA and Colorectal Cancer
can protect against colon cancer and tumor development (energy balance, hormone metabolism, insulin regulation, and by decreasing the time the colon is exposed to potential carcinogens)
PA and Breast Cancer
more active reduces risk of developing BC than inactive women.
- Lowers hormone levels preventing tumor development
- weight maintenance
