Week 2: Classical Conditioning I Flashcards
Who originated the concept of Classical Conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is Pavlovian conditioning also known as?
Classical Conditioning
What is the simplest mechanism where an organism learns about relations between one event and another?
Pavlovian conditioning (classical conditioning
What is an unconditioned stimulus (US)?
A stimulus that elicits a particular response without the necessity of prior training
What is an unconditioned response (UR)?
A response that occurs without the necessity of prior training
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
A stimulus that does not elicit a particular response initially, but comes to do so after being associated with an unconditioned stimulus
What is a conditioned response (CR)?
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus
What is a test trial in classical conditioning?
When the CS is presented without the US to allow measurement of the CR in the absence of the US
What is higher order conditioning?
A form of conditioning that involves several steps between a stimulus and a reaction
What are the two types of higher order conditioning discussed in the document?
Second-order conditioning and sensory pre-conditioning
In second-order conditioning, what is paired with CS1 to elicit the CR?
CS2 (a new stimulus)
What is the basis of “irrational fears” according to the document?
Higher order conditioning
What is conditioned suppression?
The suppression of ongoing behavior produced by the presentation of a conditioned stimulus that has been associated with fear
What was demonstrated in the Little Albert experiment?
Stimulus generalization, where Little Albert was taught to fear all white fluffy things
What are some real-world examples of conditioned stimuli leading to conditioned responses?
Restaurant cues, smartphone tones, songs associated with memories, use of celebrities in advertising
