Week 2, class 3: Oxida1ve stress and inflamma1on: endogenous and exogenous an1oxidants

Question 1

Adverse childhood experiences include:

Answer 1

• Abuse: physical, emotional or sexual.
• Neglect: physical or emotional
• Household dysfunction: mental illness,
  incarcerated relative, substance abuse, divorce or violence.

Question 2

Childhood trauma has been linked to _____ across the life-span.

Answer 2

chronic and higher inflammation

Question 3

Chronic diseases in adulthood linked to exposure to ACEs include …

Answer 3

depression, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.

Question 4

Process by which atoms transfer electrons to another atom or molecule (i give up one of mine).

Answer 4

oxidation

Question 5

Occurs when the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms is broken.

Answer 5

oxidative stress

Question 6

Atoms or groups of atoms that have a free electron with the ability to pair, they are very reactive with other molecules of the organism.

Answer 6

ROS

Question 7

true or false. ROS are not bad by themselves.

Answer 7

true. They are harmful to the body in excessive amounts.

Question 8

signals for activation of various inflammatory pathways such as: Nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFkB)

Answer 8

ROS and oxidized low- density lipoproteins (LDL-ox)

Question 9

Its activation has been linked to cancer, inflammation and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and cardiovascular disease.

Answer 9

NFκB

Question 10

It is a glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts.
* It is a cytokine with inflammatory activity.
* Its release is induced by IL-1 and is increased in response to LDLox, TNF-α, lipopolysaccharides and ROS.

Answer 10

IL- 6

Question 11

It is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction (phase of inflammatory process).
* It is produced primarily by the ac7va7on of macrophages.
* Main function –> of immune system cells.
* The imbalance of TNF-α produc?on is implicated in chronic- degenerative diseases.

Answer 11

tnf-a

Question 12

Critical cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress.

Answer 12

NRF2

Question 13

inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress by activating PI3K to upregulate Nrf2 expression.

Answer 13

resveratrol

Question 14

Substances capable of neutralizing the oxidizing ac1on of ROS.

Answer 14

Antioxidants

Question 15

they’re classified as endogenous or exogenous

Answer 15

Antioxidants

Question 16

catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase are enzymes involved with …

Answer 16

endogenous antioxidants