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Electrical Grid 1 > week 2 (chapters 5-6) > Flashcards

week 2 (chapters 5-6) Flashcards

1
Q

what are some methods of generation?

A

steam, hydroelectric, wind, distributed generation, combustion engine.

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2
Q

fossil fired, nuclear fired, geothermal, and solar fired generation are all ways of producing __________ for electrical energy?

A

high pressure steam

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3
Q

what are the sources of fossil fuel generation?

A

coal, petroleum, natural gas

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4
Q

the process in which gas is harvested and fired in a combustion turbine, and the exhaust from that turbine makes steam to power a second turbine connected to a generator, is called?

A

combined cycle generation

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5
Q

what percent of todays electrical energy is produced with nuclear generation?

A

20%

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6
Q

what are the two methods of solar generation?

A

photovoltaic/parabolic trough

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7
Q

semi conducting solar panels produce power from direct sunlight in the form of DC, which is then converted

A

photovoltaic

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8
Q

heat energy from the sun heats up salt to a molten state, which passes through a boiler to make steam for electrical energy

A

parabolic trough

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9
Q

dispersed micro generation or _______________ is small scale and normally located at the point of consumption (solar panels)

A

distributed generation

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10
Q

synchronized with the electrical grid to help offset high costs of power during times of peak demand?

A

distributed generation

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11
Q

energy can be converted but in cannot be __________ or ____________

A

created /destroyed

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12
Q

energy in motion is most often seen in _________

A

electrical motors

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13
Q

what does the law of magnetic charges say?

A

like charges repel/opposites attract

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14
Q

in AC circuits, the terms positive and negative refer to _________ in a conductor?

A

direction of current

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15
Q

voltage flowing away from source is _______ and voltage flowing toward it is _________. this is known as ________

A

positive, negative/polarity

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16
Q

strength of voltage produced depends on three factors. what are they?

A

number of turns in the coil of wire
strength of magnet
speed at which magnetic lines of flux passes the coil

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17
Q

a graphical representation of what is happening to voltage in an AC circuit over time is a ?

A

sine wave

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18
Q

is the voltage of a generator that has rotated 90 deg positive or negative?

A

positive

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19
Q

what is the voltage of a generator that has rotated 180 deg?

A

zero

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20
Q

is the voltage of a generator that has rotated 270 deg negative or positive?

A

negative

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21
Q

what is the voltage of a generator that has rotated 360 deg?

A

zero

22
Q

one rotation of a generator at 360 deg is known as one ______?

A

cycle

23
Q

_________ is the number of times a generator rotates in one second?

A

frequency

24
Q

frequency is measured in cycles per second, and is called ______?

A

hertz

25
Q

60 revolutions per second is also _______? this is the standard for ______ and _______.

A

60 hertz/ United Utates and Canada

26
Q

how do you calculate instantaneous voltage?

A

E(inst) = E(max) x Sine

27
Q

E(inst) is the same as saying?

A

instantaneous voltage, voltage at any point on the waveform

28
Q

E(max) is the same as saying?

A

maximum or peak voltage

29
Q

Sine < is the?

A

Sine of the angle of rotation

30
Q

a sine wave has a peak voltage of 7200 volts, what is the voltage after 45 deg of rotation?

A

use formula: E(inst) = E(max) x Sine<
E(inst) = 7200 x sine 45 deg
E(inst) = 5091.17 volts

31
Q

a sine wave has a peak voltage of 7200 volts. what is the voltage after 210 deg of rotation?

A

use formula: E(inst) = E(max) x Sine<
E(inst) = 7200 x sine 210 deg
E(inst) = 3600 volts

32
Q

DC voltage is one continuous value. it produces a constant amount of power. true or false?

A

true

33
Q

RMS stands for ?

A

root mean square

34
Q

the value of AC voltage that will produce the same amount of power as a like value of DC voltage?

A

RMS (root mean square)

35
Q

RMS values are always _____ than the ______ value?

A

lower /peak

36
Q

what is the formula to find the RMS value of a sine wave?

A

RMS = 0.707 x peak voltage

37
Q

how do you find the peak voltage of a sine wave if only the RMS value is known?

A

Peak = 1.414 x RMS

38
Q

a sine wave has a max voltage of 10,184 volts. what is the RMS value?

A 
RMS = 0.707 x peak
RMS = 0.707 x 10,184
RMS = 7200 volts
39
Q

direct current has a _______ load?

A

resistive

40
Q

AC circuits have three types of load which are

A
  • resistive
  • inductive
  • capacitive
41
Q

if the voltage and current rise and fall at the same time they are ______?

A

in phase

42
Q

if the voltage and current rise and fall at DIFFERENT times, they are ______?

A

out of phase

43
Q

a capacitor is added to a circuit to counter (balance out) _______ load?

A

inductive

44
Q

inductive loads come mostly from what common piece of equipment on the line?

A

transformers

45
Q

what is the square root of 2? ………used for what?

A

1.414/used to find peak voltage when RMS is known

46
Q

what is the square root of .5? ……..used for what?

A

.707/ used to find RMS when peak voltage is known

47
Q

how many times does the RMS voltage apear on a sine wave?

A

4

48
Q

how many times does zero/no voltage appear on the sine wave?

A

3

49
Q

why is peak voltage not used in an AC circuit?

A

it is the least amount of available current, only appearing 2 times on the sine wave

50
Q

true power only exists when the load of an AC circuit is purely _______?

A

restive

Electrical Grid 1 (4 decks)

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