Week 2 Chapter 3-5

Question 1

Disease progression

Answer 1

the sequence of events that occur during the development of a

disease or abnormal condition

• disease progression may vary from:*
• (1) one individual to another*
• (2) one site to another in a person’s mouth,*
• (3) one type of periodontal disease to another.*

Question 2

Gingivitis

Answer 2

a type of periodontal disease characterized by changes in the color, contour, and consistency of the gingival tissues

Question 3

Reversible (tissue damage)

Answer 3

when the body can repair the damage

Question 4

Periodontitis

Answer 4

a type of periodontal disease that is characterized by the

apical migration of the JE,

loss of connective tissue attachment,

and

loss of alveolar bone

Question 5

Irreversible tissue damage

Answer 5

permanent tissue damage

Question 6

apical migration of the junctional epithelium (JE)

Answer 6

the movement of the junctional epithelium apical to its normal location

Question 7

Inflammation

Answer 7

the body’s response to injury or invasion by

disease-producing organisms

Question 8

Alveolar bone loss

Answer 8

the resorption of alveolar bone as a result of periodontitis

Question 9

Horizontal bone loss

Answer 9

results in a fairly even, overall reduction in the height of the alveolar bone

Question 10

Vertical bone loss

Answer 10

results in an uneven reduction in the height of the alveolar bone

Question 11

Osseous defect

Answer 11

bony defects

Question 12

Infrabony defect

Answer 12

results when bone resorption occurs in an uneven,

oblique direction

(primarily affects one tooth)

Question 13

Osseous crater

Answer 13

a bowl-shaped defect in the interdental alveolar bone with bone loss

nearly equal on the roots of two adjacent teeth

the presance of a crater causes dental plaque biofilm to accumulate in the interdental area.

Question 14

Furcation involvement

Answer 14

occurs on a multirooted tooth when periodontal infection

invades the area between and around the roots, resulting in a loss of

alveolar bone between the roots of the teeth

Bone loss in the furcation area may be hidden by the gingival tissue
or may be clinically visible in the mouth

Question 15

Attachment loss

Answer 15

the destruction of the fibers and bone that support the teeth

Tissue destruction does not spread only in an apical (vertical) direction
but also in a lateral (side-to-side) direction.

Question 16

Disease site

Answer 16

an area of tissue destruction

A disease site may involve only a single surface of a tooth (distal)
surface of a tooth. The disease site may involve several surfaces of the
tooth or all four surfaces (mesial, distal, facial, and lingual)

Question 17

Inactive disease site

Answer 17

a disease site that is stable, with the attachment level of the JE

remaining the same over time

Question 18

Active disease site

Answer 18

a disease site that shows continued apical migration of the JE over time

Question 19

Gingival pocket

Answer 19

a deepening of the gingival sulcus as a result of

swelling or enlargement of the gingival tissue

Question 20

Periodontal pocket

Answer 20

a pathologic deepening of the gingival sulcus

greater than 4mm

A periodontal pocket is an area of tissue destruction left by the disease process.

• The majority of pockets in most adult patients with periodontitis are
• inactive disease sites.**

Question 21

Suprabony pocket

Answer 21

occurs when there is horizontal bone loss

• The junctional epithelium, forming the base of the pocket, is located
• coronal to (above)** the crest of the alveolar bone.

Question 22

Infrabony pocket

Answer 22

occurs when there is vertical bone loss

The junctional epithelium, forming the base of the pocket, is located
apical to (below) the crest of the alveolar bone. The base of the
pocket is located within the cratered-out area of the bone alongside
of the root surface.

Question 23

Intermittent disease progression theory

Answer 23

states that periodontal disease is characterized by periods of disease activity

and inactivity (remission)

• Tissue destruction is sporadic, with short periods of tissue destruction
• alternating** with periods of disease inactivity (no tissue destruction).

Question 24

Epidemiology

Answer 24

the study of the health and disease within the total population (rather than an individual) and the behavioral, environmental, and genetic risk factors that influence health and disease

• Epidemiological research has three objectives:*
• (1) to determine the amount and distribution of a disease in the total population and in subgroups*
• (2) to investigate the causes of a disease*
• (3) to apply this knowledge to the control and prevention of disease.*

Question 25

**Incidence**

Answer 25

the **number** of **new disease cases** in a **population** that **occur** **over** a **given period of time**

Question 26

**Prevalence**

Answer 26

refers to the **number** of **all cas**es (**_both old and new_**) of a **disease** that can be **identified** within a **specified population** at a **given point in time** *Research findings show that **variables** associated with the **prevalence** of **periodontal disease** include a person’s **gender, race, socioeconomic status, and age.***

Question 27

**National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)**

Answer 27

a **program of studies** to **assess** the **health** and **nutritional status** of **adults and children** in the United States *This survey protocol **combines a survey** with a **physical examination.** NHANES examines a **nationally** representative **sample** of about* ***5,000** persons **each year.***

Question 28

**Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)**

Answer 28

has provided **guidance and standardized** methods for **public health surveillance** of **dental caries** for many years

Question 29

**Classification system**

Answer 29

a **grouping** of **similar entities** on the **basis** of **certain differing characteristics** *A disease classification system, however, should not be regarded as a permanent structure. Rather, it is ever-changing and evolves with the development of new evidence-based knowledge. Thus, it is expected that systems of classification will change over time.*

Question 30

**American Academy of Periodontology (AAP)** **and** **European Federation of Periodontology (EFP)**

Answer 30

initiated the **currently accepted classification system** by organizing the **World Workshop** on the **Classification of Periodontal** and **Peri-Implant Diseases** and **Conditions** held in November 2017 *the **most recent, internationally accepted classification system***

Question 31

**Stippling**

Answer 31

**dimpled appearance**, similar to an **orange peel** appearing as **minute elevations** and **depressions** of the **surface of the gingiva** due to **connective tissue projections** within the epithelial tissue (**connective tissue papillae**). The presence of **stippling is best viewed** by **drying** the **tissue** with **compressed air.**

Question 32

**Gingival Inflammation**

Answer 32

the **body's reaction** to the **bacterial infection** of the **gingival tissues** by **periodontal pathogens**

Question 33

**Gingivitis**

Answer 33

an **inflammation** of the **gingiva** often **causing the tissue** to become **red** and **swollen,** to **bleed easily**, and sometimes to become **slightly tender**

Question 34

**Bulbous papilla**

Answer 34

A **papilla** that is **enlarged** and appears to **bulge out** of the **interproximal space**

Question 35

**Blunted papilla**

Answer 35

A **papilla** is **flat** and **_does not fill_** the **interproximal space**

Question 36

**Cratered papilla**

Answer 36

A **papilla appears** to have been **"scooped out"** leaving a **concave depression** in the **midproximal area**. Cratered papillae are **associated** with ## Footnote **necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)**

Question 37

**Extent of inflammation**

Answer 37

the **area of tissue** that is **affected** by **inflammation** *The **extent of inflammation** is described as **localized** or **generalized** in the mouth.* *1. **Localized inflammation** is **confined** to the **gingival tissue** of a **single tooth**or to a**group of teeth (sextant)** 2. **Generalized inflammation** involves all or **most** of the **tissue in the mouth.***

Question 38

**Distribution of inflammation**

Answer 38

describes the **area** where the **gingival tissue is inflamed** The **inflammation** may affect **_only_** the **interdental papilla,** the **gingival margin**and the**papilla**, or the **gingival margin, papilla**, and the **attached gingiva**.