Week 2 Chapter 3-5

Question 1

Disease progression

Answer 1

the sequence of events that occur during the development of a

disease or abnormal condition

• disease progression may vary from:*
• (1) one individual to another*
• (2) one site to another in a person’s mouth,*
• (3) one type of periodontal disease to another.*

Question 2

Gingivitis

Answer 2

a type of periodontal disease characterized by changes in the color, contour, and consistency of the gingival tissues

Question 3

Reversible (tissue damage)

Answer 3

when the body can repair the damage

Question 4

Periodontitis

Answer 4

a type of periodontal disease that is characterized by the

apical migration of the JE,

loss of connective tissue attachment,

and

loss of alveolar bone

Question 5

Irreversible tissue damage

Answer 5

permanent tissue damage

Question 6

apical migration of the junctional epithelium (JE)

Answer 6

the movement of the junctional epithelium apical to its normal location

Question 7

Inflammation

Answer 7

the body’s response to injury or invasion by

disease-producing organisms

Question 8

Alveolar bone loss

Answer 8

the resorption of alveolar bone as a result of periodontitis

Question 9

Horizontal bone loss

Answer 9

results in a fairly even, overall reduction in the height of the alveolar bone

Question 10

Vertical bone loss

Answer 10

results in an uneven reduction in the height of the alveolar bone

Question 11

Osseous defect

Answer 11

bony defects

Question 12

Infrabony defect

Answer 12

results when bone resorption occurs in an uneven,

oblique direction

(primarily affects one tooth)

Question 13

Osseous crater

Answer 13

a bowl-shaped defect in the interdental alveolar bone with bone loss

nearly equal on the roots of two adjacent teeth

the presance of a crater causes dental plaque biofilm to accumulate in the interdental area.

Question 14

Furcation involvement

Answer 14

occurs on a multirooted tooth when periodontal infection

invades the area between and around the roots, resulting in a loss of

alveolar bone between the roots of the teeth

Bone loss in the furcation area may be hidden by the gingival tissue
or may be clinically visible in the mouth

Question 15

Attachment loss

Answer 15

the destruction of the fibers and bone that support the teeth

Tissue destruction does not spread only in an apical (vertical) direction
but also in a lateral (side-to-side) direction.

Question 16

Disease site

Answer 16

an area of tissue destruction

A disease site may involve only a single surface of a tooth (distal)
surface of a tooth. The disease site may involve several surfaces of the
tooth or all four surfaces (mesial, distal, facial, and lingual)

Question 17

Inactive disease site

Answer 17

a disease site that is stable, with the attachment level of the JE

remaining the same over time

Question 18

Active disease site

Answer 18

a disease site that shows continued apical migration of the JE over time

Question 19

Gingival pocket

Answer 19

a deepening of the gingival sulcus as a result of

swelling or enlargement of the gingival tissue

Question 20

Periodontal pocket

Answer 20

a pathologic deepening of the gingival sulcus

greater than 4mm

A periodontal pocket is an area of tissue destruction left by the disease process.

• The majority of pockets in most adult patients with periodontitis are
• inactive disease sites.**

Question 21

Suprabony pocket

Answer 21

occurs when there is horizontal bone loss

• The junctional epithelium, forming the base of the pocket, is located
• coronal to (above)** the crest of the alveolar bone.

Question 22

Infrabony pocket

Answer 22

occurs when there is vertical bone loss

The junctional epithelium, forming the base of the pocket, is located
apical to (below) the crest of the alveolar bone. The base of the
pocket is located within the cratered-out area of the bone alongside
of the root surface.

Question 23

Intermittent disease progression theory

Answer 23

states that periodontal disease is characterized by periods of disease activity

and inactivity (remission)

• Tissue destruction is sporadic, with short periods of tissue destruction
• alternating** with periods of disease inactivity (no tissue destruction).

Question 24

Epidemiology

Answer 24

the study of the health and disease within the total population (rather than an individual) and the behavioral, environmental, and genetic risk factors that influence health and disease

• Epidemiological research has three objectives:*
• (1) to determine the amount and distribution of a disease in the total population and in subgroups*
• (2) to investigate the causes of a disease*
• (3) to apply this knowledge to the control and prevention of disease.*

Question 25

Incidence

Answer 25

the number of new disease cases in a population that occur

over a given period of time

Question 26

Prevalence

Answer 26

refers to the number of all cases (both old and new) of a disease that can be identified within a specified population at a given point in time

Research findings show that variables associated with the prevalence of
periodontal disease include a person’s gender, race, socioeconomic
status, and age.

Question 27

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Answer 27

a program of studies to assess the health and nutritional status

of adults and children in the United States

This survey protocol combines a survey with a physical examination.
NHANES examines a nationally representative sample of about

5,000** persons **each year.

Question 28

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer 28

has provided guidance and standardized methods for public health surveillance of dental caries for many years

Question 29

Classification system

Answer 29

a grouping of similar entities on the basis of certain differing characteristics

A disease classification system, however, should not be regarded as a
permanent structure. Rather, it is ever-changing and evolves with the
development of new evidence-based knowledge. Thus, it is expected that
systems of classification will change over time.

Question 30

American Academy of Periodontology (AAP)

and

European Federation of Periodontology (EFP)

Answer 30

initiated the currently accepted classification system by organizing the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions held in November 2017

the most recent, internationally accepted classification system

Question 31

Stippling

Answer 31

dimpled appearance, similar to an orange peel

appearing as minute elevations and depressions of the surface of the gingiva due to connective tissue projections within the epithelial tissue

(connective tissue papillae). The presence of stippling is best viewed by

drying the tissue with compressed air.

Question 32

Gingival Inflammation

Answer 32

the body’s reaction to the bacterial infection of the gingival tissues

by periodontal pathogens

Question 33

Gingivitis

Answer 33

an inflammation of the gingiva often causing the tissue to become red and swollen, to bleed easily, and sometimes to become slightly tender

Question 34

Bulbous papilla

Answer 34

A papilla that is enlarged and appears to bulge out of the interproximal space

Question 35

Blunted papilla

Answer 35

A papilla is flat and does not fill the interproximal space

Question 36

Cratered papilla

Answer 36

A papilla appears to have been “scooped out” leaving a concave depression in the midproximal area. Cratered papillae are associated with

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)

Question 37

Extent of inflammation

Answer 37

the area of tissue that is affected by inflammation

The extent of inflammation is described as localized or generalized in the mouth.

*1. Localized inflammation is confined to the gingival tissue of a single
toothor to agroup of teeth (sextant)

2. Generalized inflammation involves all or most of the tissue in the mouth.*

Question 38

Distribution of inflammation

Answer 38

describes the area where the gingival tissue is inflamed

The inflammation may affect only the interdental papilla, the gingival
marginand thepapilla,

or

the gingival margin, papilla,

and the attached gingiva.