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ITSS 230 - Fundamentals of Databases > Week 2 - Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 - Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The process of creating a specific data model for a determined problem domain.

A

Data Modeling

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2
Q

A representation, usually graphic of a complex “real-world” data structure. ________ are used in the database design phace of the database life cycle

A

Data Models

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3
Q

A person, place, thing, concept, or event for which data can be stored.

A

Entity

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4
Q

A characteristic of an entity or object. An ____________ has a name and a data type.

A

Attribute

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5
Q

An association between entities,

A

Relationship

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6
Q

Associations among two or more entities that are used by data models. In a ______________ relationship, one entity instance is associated with many instances of the related entity.

A

One-to-many (1:M or 1..*) relationship

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7
Q

Association among two or more entities in which one occurrence of an entity is associated with many occurrences of a related entity and one occurrence of the related entity is associated with many occurrences of the first entity.

A

Many-to-Many (M:N or ..) relationship

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8
Q

Associations among two or more entities that are used by data models. In a _____ relationship, one entity instance is associated with only one instance of the related entity.

A

One-to-One ( 1:1 or 1..1) relationship

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9
Q

A restriction placed on data, usually expressed in the form of rules. For example, “A student’s GPA must be between 0.00 and 4.00”

A

constraint

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10
Q

A description of a policy, procedure, or principle within an organization. For example, a pilot cannot be on duty for more than 10 hours during a 24 hour period or a professor may teach up to 4 classes during a semester

A

Busines Rule

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11
Q

An early database model whose basic concepts and characteristics formed the basis for subsequent database development. This model is based on an upside down tree structure in which each record is called a segment. The top record is the root segment. Each segment has a 1:M relationship to the segment directly below it.

A

Hierarchical model

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12
Q

In the hierarchical data model, the equivalent of a file system’s record type.

A

Segment

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13
Q

An early data model that represented data as a collection of record types in 1:M relationships.

A

Network model

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14
Q

A logical grouping of database objects, such as tables, indexes, views, and queries, that are related to each other. Usually, a ______ belongs to a single user or application.

A

Schema

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15
Q

The portion of the database that interacts with application programs.

A

Subschema

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16
Q

The set of commands that allows an end user to manipulate the data in the database, such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK.

A

Data Manipulation Language DML

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17
Q

The language that allows a database administrator to define the database structure, schema and subschema

A

Data Definition Language DDL

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18
Q

Developed by E. F. Codd of IBM in 1970, the relational model is based on mathematical set theory and represents data as independent relations. Each relation (tabke) is conceptually represented as a two dimensional structure of intersecting rows and columns. The relations are related to each other through the sharing of common entity characteristics (values in columns).

A

relational model

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19
Q

A logical construct perceoved tp ne a two dimensional structure composed of intersecting rows (entities) and columns (attributes) that represents an entity set in the relational model.

A

Relation

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20
Q

In the relational model, a table row

A

Tuple

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21
Q

A collection of programs that manages a relational database. The ________ sofrware translates a users logical requests (queries) into commands that physically locate and retrieve the requested data.

A

Relational Database Management System RDMS

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22
Q

A graphical representation of a relational databases entities , the attributes within those entities, and the relationships among the entities.

A

Relational Diagram

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23
Q

A data model that describes relationships (1:1, 1:M, and M:N) among entities at the conceptual level with the help of ER diagrams.

A

Entity Relationship model ERM

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24
Q

A diagram that depicts an entity relationship models entities, attributes, and relations.

A

Entity relationship diagram (ERD)

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25
Q

A row in a relational table

A

Entity Instance or Occurence

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26
Q

A collection of like entities

A

Entity Set

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27
Q

The classification of the relationship based on the maximum number of instances of one entity that can be related to an instance of the other entitiy. Classifications include 1:1, 1:M, and M:N

A

Connectivity

28
Q

A data model that describes relationships (1:1, 1:M and M:N) among entities at the conceptual level with the help of ER diagrams.

A

Chen Notation

29
Q

A representation of the entity relationship diagram that uses a three pronged symbol to represent the MANY sides of the relationship.

A

Crows foot notation

30
Q

A set of symbols used in the creation of class diagrams

A

Class diagram notation

31
Q

A data model whose basic modeling structure is an object

A

Object oriented data model (OODM)

32
Q

An abstract representation of a real world entity that has a unique identity, embedded properties and the ability to interact with other objects and itself

A

Object

33
Q

Data management software used to manage data in an object oriented database model

A

OODBMS Object oriented database management system

34
Q

The first of a series of data models that models both data and their relationships in a single structure known as an object.

A

Semantic Data Model

35
Q

A collection of similar objects with shared structure (attributes) and behavior (methods). A ____ encapsulates an objects data representation and a methods implementation.

A

Class

36
Q

In the object oriented data model, a named set of instructions to perform an action. _______ represent real world actions. A programmed function within an object used to manipulate the data in that same object.

A

Method

37
Q

The organization of classes in a heirarchical tree in which each parent class is a superclass and each child class is a subclass.

A

Class hierarchy

38
Q

In the EERD, the property that enables an entity subtype to inherit the attributes and relationships of the entity supertype. In the object oriented data model, the ability of an object to inherit the data structure and methods of the classes above it in the class heirarchy.

A

Inheritance

39
Q

A language based on object oriented concepts that provides tools such as diagrams and symbols to graphically model a system

A

UML Unified Modeling Language

40
Q

A diagram used to represent data and their relationships in UML object notation.

A

Class Diagrams

41
Q

A model that includes the object oriented models best features in an inherently simpler relational database structural environment.

A

Extended relational data model

42
Q

A DBMS based on the extended relational model ERDM. The ERDM championed by many relation database researchers constitutes the relation models respons to the OODM. This model includes many of the object oriented models best features within an inherently simpler relational database structure.

A

object/relational database management system o/r dbms

43
Q

A web of internet-connected devices constantly exchanging and collecting data over the internet. _____ can be remotely managed and configured to collect data and interact with other devices on the internet.

A

IOT internet of things

44
Q

A movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web generated data and derive business insight from it. While simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost.

A

Big Data

45
Q

Three basic characteristics of big data databases; _______, ______, and _______

A

3 V’s, volume, velocity and variety

46
Q

A java based open source high speed fault tolerant distributed storage and computational framework. _____ uses low cost hardware to create clusters of thousands of computer nodes to store and process data.

A

Hadoop

47
Q

A highly distributed fault tolerant file storage system designed to manage large amounts of data at high speeds

A

Hadoop distributed file system HDFS

48
Q

Three types of nodes used in the hadoop distributed file system. The ____________stores all the metadata about the file system

A

Name Node

49
Q

Three types of nodes used in the hadoop distributed file system The_______ stores fixed-size data blocks (that could be replicated to other data nodes).

A

Data node

50
Q

One of three types of nodes used in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). The ______ acts as the interface between the user application and the HDFS

A

Client node

51
Q

An open source application programming interface API that provides fast data analytics services one of the main big data technologies that allows organizations to process massive data stores

A

MapReduce

52
Q

The group that accepted the DBTG recommendations and augmented database standards in 1975 through SPARC committee

A

American National Standards Institute ANSI

53
Q

The end users view of the data environment. Given its business focus, an __________ works with a data subset of the global database schema.

A

External Model

54
Q

The specific representation of an external view; the end users view of the data environment.

A

External Schema

55
Q

The output of the conceptual design process. The ____________ provides a global view of an entire database and describes the main data objects avoiding details

A

Conceptual Model

56
Q

A representation of the conceptual model, usually expressed graphically.

A

Conceptual Schema

57
Q

A property of any model or application that does not depend on the software used to implement it.

A

Software Independence.

58
Q

A condition in which a model does not depend on the hardware used in the models implementation. Therefore changes in the hardware will have no effect on the database design at the conceptual level.

A

Hardware independence

59
Q

A stage in the design phase that matches the conceptual design to the requirements of the selected DBMS and is therefore software dependent. ____________ is used to translate the conceptual design into the internal model for a selected database management system such as DB2, SQL Server, Oracle, IMS, Informix, Access or Ingress

A

Logical Design

60
Q

In database modeling, a level of data abstraction that adapts the conceptual model to a specific DBMS model for implementation. The _____________ is the representation of a database as seen by the DBMS. In other words the _______ requires a designer to match the conceptual models characteristics and constraints to those of the selected implementation model.

A

Internal Model

60
Q

A representation of an internal model using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.

A

Internal Schema

60
Q

A condition in which the internal model can be changed without affecting the conceptual model.

A

logical independence

61
Q

A model in which physical characteristics such as location, path, and format are described for the data. The ________ is both hardware and sofrware dependent.

A

Physical Model

62
Q

A condition in which the physical model can be changed without affecting the internal model

A

Physical independence

63
Q

A diagram used to represent data and their relationships in UML

A

Class diagram

64
Q

A logical construct perceived to be a two dimensional structure composed of intersecting rows (entities) and columns (attributes) that represents an entity set in the relational model.

A

Table

ITSS 230 - Fundamentals of Databases (3 decks)

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