Week 2: Ch.5,7,8,9,10,11 Flashcards
Gravidity
of pregnancies
Nulligravida
No hx of any pregnancies
Primigravida
1st pregnancy
Multigravida
2 or more pregnancies
Parity
of deliveries past 20 weeks gestation
Nulliparous
No pregnancies past 20 weeks gestation
Primiparous
One delivery past 20 weeks gestation
Multiparous
2 or more deliveries past 20 weeks
How many extra calories should you take when pregnant?
300 calories
How many extra calories should you take when lactating?
500 calories
Chadwicks sign
Blue/purple color of the cervix, vagina, vulva due hyperemia
What’s caused by Chadwick’s sign?
By pelvic congestion infection or hormonal imbalance
Goodells sign
Softening of the tip of the cervix
What is goodells sign cause by?
By infection, hormonal imbalance or pelvic congestion
Ballottement
Passive movement of the unengaged fetus
Cause of ballottement
Because of uterine tumors or cervical polyps instead of the presence of a fetus
Cholasma
- Mask of pregnancy
- Dark blotchy brownish pigmentation on face
Quickening
First movements
Striae gravidarum
Stretch marks
Piskaceks Sign
Uterine asymmetry with a soft prominence on the implantation side.
May be associated with uterine tumors
Hegar’s sign
Softening of the lower uterine segment
May cause pelvic congestion
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Intermittent uterine contractions
May be associated with uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) or other tumors.
Caldwell-Moloy pelvis: Platypelloid
Transverse presentation and will not allow for a vaginal birth
Caldwell-Moloy pelvis: Gynecoid
Pelvic type is the typical, traditional female pelvis. Best suited for childbirth
Caldwell-Moloy pelvis: Android
Resembles a typical male pelvis, and pelvis shape can also cause difficulty during fetal descent.
Spinnbarkeit
Term that denotes elasticity of cervical mucous. During ovulation, their cervical mucous is very stretchy (8-10 cm or longer). When a woman is fertile, her cervical mucous is thin, watery, and stretchable.
Autosomes
Nonsense chromosomes
Sex Chromosomes
Determine gender (XX=female, XY=male)
Genotype
Genes/ genetic makeup
Phenotype
Physical characteristics that are expressed
X-linked dominant inheritance
- Abnormal allele is on the X chromosomes. Since it’s dominant, you only need one allele in order for the disorder to be expressed.
- If father has disorder, all daughters will have it and none of the sons will be affected.
Organogenesis
Lasts from the 2nd week to the 8th week of gestation
Supine Hypotention (pg.230)
If pregnant woman lays flat on her back, the uterus, baby, etc puts pressure on the vena cava. This decreased perfusion and the women can experience dizziness.
After 20 wks gestation, women should be advised to AVOID laying flat on their back.
If Jehovah Witness returned a signed form in which she refuses all blood products, nurse should?
Place signed form on pts chart
Para 3 means:
3 pregnancies delivered past 24 wks gestation
Presumptive signs of pregancy
- Amenorrhea (absence of menses). One of the earliest sx
- N/V (“morning sickness”) may occur at any time, and women who experience this sx tend to have decreased incidence of spontaneous abortion and perinatal mortality.
- Frequent urination caused by pressure exerted on the bladder by enlarging uterus.
- Breast tenderness from hormonal changes
- Perception of fetal movement (quickening) occurs during 2nd trimester.
- Skin changes: stretch marks (striae gravidarum) and increased pigmentation.
- Fatigue
Probably Signs of Pregnancy
- Abnormal enlargement may be caused by uterine or abdominal tumors.
- Piskacek’s sign
- Hegar’s sign (softening of lower uterine segment). Probable sign of pregnancy.
- Goodells’s sign (softening of tip of cervix)
- Chawick’s sign (violet-bluish color of vaginal mucosa and cervix)
- Braxton Hicks contractions (intermittent uterine contractions)
- Positive pregnancy test
- Ballottement (Passive movement of unengaged fetus)
Positive signs of pregnancy
- Fetal heart beat
- Visualization of fetus
- Fetal movement palpate by health care provider
Early term
Births between 37 wks and 38 wks 6 days
Full Term
Births between 39 wks 0 days and 40 wks 6 days
Late term
Births between 41 wks 0 days and 41 wks 6 days
Postterm
Births 42 wks 0 days or after
When to schedule a visit with doctor while pregnant?
- Prenatal visits q 4 wks until women reaches 28-32 wks gestation
- Then, q 2 wks until 36th wk, then visits are wkly
Is Vaccination against influenza considered safe throughout pregnancy?
Yes and preventing this disease is an essential element of prenatal care.
Pertussis (When advised to give?)
Tdap advised to be given after 20 wks gestation (Late 2nd or 3rd trimester)
HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen)
Universal screening done to test for active Hepatitis B.
Prenatal Lab Testing/ Screening
- Blood type and Rh (rhesus) Factor
- Antibody screen
- RPR/VDRL
- HBsAg
- HIV
- Chlamydia/Gonorrhoeae
- CBC
