Week 2 - CARDIOPULMONARY CONDITIONS

Question 1

Hypertension

Answer 1

elevated blood pressure (140/90 or more on 2 different days)

Question 2

BP equation

Answer 2

CO x TPR

Question 3

Management of Hypertension

Answer 3

• aerobic training (slow + low intensity) and high frequency and low duration.
• medication e.g ACE inhibitors

Question 4

How many adults 65 + years old have high BP

Answer 4

> 50%

Question 5

Coronary Heart Disease

Answer 5

Atherosclerosis –> rupture or build up of plaque causing a blood clot and occlusion of the coronary arteries

Question 6

How many deaths are CHD related

Answer 6

1/3 >35 years old, 50% of cases = death

Question 7

Management of CHD

Answer 7

• Anti-anginal medications
• Emergency procedures (CABG/stents)
• Exercise after surgery within 8-12 weeks –> inc arteriovenous network and dec peripheral resistance.

Question 8

Management of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

Answer 8

• inc exercise capacity + blood flow
  GOAL: inc arterial blood flow + inc claudication pain distance or max walking distance

Question 9

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Answer 9

build up of plaque deposits which dec arterial diameter
- can cause ischemic pain (due to dec in O2)

Question 10

Physical Tests

Answer 10

ECG - P wave (depolarisation of atria), QRS complex (depol ventricles), T wave (repol ventricles)
Different assessment modalities e.g treadmill, bicycle ergometer

Question 11

Protocols

Answer 11

1) Bruce - younger people (higher progression rate)
2) Naughton/Balke Ware - less functional people (slower progressions/increments)

Question 12

ECG common diagnosis

Answer 12

ST segment depression = cardiac ischemia
Prolonged QT interval = replolarisation abnormality + ventricular arrhythmia’s
Prolonged QRS complex = abnormal conduction velocity/bundle branch block