Week 2:Bones and classification of bones Flashcards
What enters the nutrient foramen of a bone
Blood vessels and nerves.
Coxa vera vs coxa valga
Vara: decreased angle of inclination
Valga: increased angle of inclination
What is it made of and its purpose
Fibrocartilage. Enhances stability as it maintains negative intra-articular pressure(like sucction)
Bursae?
Closed sacs formed of serous membrane that occur in locations subject to friction
Muscles of Iliac region and function
- Psoas minor
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
- These are hip flexors
Muscles of Gluteal region
- Tensor fascia latae (TFL)
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- These are Abductors and extensors
- Piriformis
- Gemelli superior
- Obturator internus
- Gemelli inferior
- Quadratus femoris
- These are Lateral/external rotators
Muscles of medial thigh region
- Pectineus
- Gracilis
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- These are Hip adductors
Psoas minor. Attachments, actions and nerves?
P.A: Sides of bodies of T12, L1 vertebrae and intervertebral (IV) disc
D.A: Pectineal line and iliopubic eminence
Action: weak trunk flexor and hip stabiliser
N.S: Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2)
Psoas Major, Attachment and Functions
P.A: tranverse processes of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of vertebrae T12-L5 and IV discs inbetween
D.A: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip/trunk flexion
N.S: anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3)
Iliacus, Attachments and FUnctions
P.A: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and sacro‐iliac ligaments
D.A: lesser trochanter of femur
A: hip flexion and stabilise hip
NS: femoral nerve
Pectineus. Attach and FUnc
P.A: superior ramus of the pubis
D.A: pectineal line of femur, inferior to lesser trochanter
A: adducts and flexes hip; assist medial rotation of hip
N.S: Femoral nerve
Gracilis. Func and Attach
P.A: body and inferior ramus of pubis
D.A: anterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A: hip adduction, knee flexion and medial rotation
N.S: obturator nerve
Adductor longus. Func and Attach
P.A: lateral aspect of body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
D.A: middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
A: hip adduction
N.S: obturator nerve
Adductor brevus. Fun and Attach
P.A: body and inferior ramus of pubis
D.A: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
A: Hip adduction
N.S: obturator nerve
Adductor magnus. Func and Attach
P Adductor Part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium
P Hamstring Part: ischial tuberosity
D Adductor Part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
D Hamstring Part: adductor tubercle of femur
A: hip adduction and extension
N.S: obturator nerve
Obturator externus. Func and Attach
P.A: external margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
D.A: trochanteric fossa of femur
A: hip lateral rotation and stabilise hip
N.S: obturator nerve
tensor fascia latae. Func and Attach
P.A: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and anterior part of iliac crest
D.A: ilio‐tibial band which attaches to the antero‐lateral tubercle of the tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle)
A: hip abduction and medial rotation; keeps ipsilateral pelvis level when standing on one leg
N.S: superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Maximus. Fun and Attack
P.A: ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal lower sacrum and coccyx, erector spinae aponeurosis and sacrotuberous ligament
D.A: iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity
A: hip extension and lateral rotation
N.S: inferior gluteal nerve
Illiotibial band. Attach and Func
- Attaches at the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia and to the femur via the lateral intermuscular septum
- The common insertion of gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae\
- Acts to stabilise the lateral aspect of the extended knee
Gluteus medius. Func and Attach
P.A: external surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal line
D.A: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
A: hip extension, abduction, rotation, keeps ipsilateral pelvis level when standing on one leg
N.S: superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus. Func and Attach
P.A: external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
D.A: anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
A: hip abd. and medial rot.
N.S: superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis. Func and Attach
P.A: anterior surface of sacrum
D.A: superior border of greater trochanter of femur
A: hip lateral rotation
N.S: branches of anterior rami of S1, S2
superior gemellus. Func and Attach
P.A: ischial spine
D.A: trochanteric fossa of femur
A: hip lateral rotation
N.S: nerve to obturator internus
Obturator Internus. Func and Attach
P.A: internal surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
D.A: trochanteric fossa of femur
A: hip lateral rotation
N.S: nerve to obturator internus
Inferior gamellus. Func and Attach
P.A: ischial tuberosity
D.A: trochanteric fossa of femur
A: hip lateral rotation
N.S: nerve to quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris. Func and attach
P.A: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
D.A: quadrate tubercle
A: hip lateral rotation
N.S: nerve to quadratus femoris
