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History of Christianity > Week 2: Bartolomé de Las Casas > Flashcards

Week 2: Bartolomé de Las Casas Flashcards

1
Q

Bartolomé de Las Casas

A

Controversial figure in Spanish American history.

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2
Q

Encomienda

A

Land grant system allowing forced labor of natives.

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3
Q

Dominicans

A

Religious order advocating for native rights in Indies.

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4
Q

Protector of the Indians

A

Title given to Las Casas for advocating native rights.

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5
Q

New Laws

A

1542 legislation ending Indian slavery and encomiendas.

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6
Q

Charles V

A

Holy Roman Emperor who supported Las Casas’ reforms.

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7
Q

History of the Indies

A

Las Casas’ work documenting the treatment of natives.

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8
Q

Pentecost sermon

A

1514 sermon leading to Las Casas’ change of heart.

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9
Q

Cuba

A

Island where Las Casas served as chaplain.

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10
Q

Hispaniola

A

First island colonized by the Spaniards in the Americas.

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11
Q

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

A

Chronicler opposing Las Casas’ views on conquest.

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12
Q

Commission of 1550

A

Group debating justice of conquest

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13
Q

Slave Absolution

A

Las Casas refused absolution to slave owners.

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14
Q

Education with Dominicans

A

11 years spent promoting native rights and education.

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15
Q

Spanish Colonists

A

Opposed Las Casas’ reforms and advocacy for natives.

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16
Q

Forced Labor

A

Labor system imposed on natives under encomienda.

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17
Q

Shipwreck

A

Incident where Las Casas salvaged books from mud.

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18
Q

Seville

A

Birthplace of Las Casas in 1484.

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19
Q

Indies

A

Term referring to the Caribbean and surrounding areas.

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20
Q

Bishopric of Chiapa

A

Position held by Las Casas in southern Mexico.

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21
Q

Charles V’s Audience

A

Meeting where Las Casas secured support for reforms.

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22
Q

Renaissance Humanist

A

Sepulveda’s role defending conquest

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23
Q

Campaign for Rights

A

Las Casas’ lifelong effort to protect native populations.

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24
Q

Bartolomé de Las Casas

A

Pioneer anthropologist advocating for Indian humanity.

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25
Q

A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies

A

Las Casas’ 1552 work detailing Spanish atrocities.

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26
Q

Cholula Massacre

A

Mass killing of nobles to instill fear.

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27
Q

Humanity of Indians

A

Las Casas argued for Indians as rational beings.

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28
Q

Equality for All

A

Las Casas promoted equal treatment for all people.

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29
Q

Religious System

A

Indigenous cultures had complex religious beliefs.

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30
Q

Political Organization

A

Indians had structured governance and leadership.

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31
Q

Social Organization

A

Indigenous societies had intricate social hierarchies.

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32
Q

Gines de Sepulveda

A

Critic of Las Casas

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33
Q

Intellectual Capacity

A

Debate on the cognitive abilities of Indians.

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34
Q

Massacre Pattern

A

Spaniards used public massacres to terrorize populations.

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35
Q

Cultural Sophistication

A

Las Casas recognized advanced cultures among natives.

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36
Q

Protests Against Atrocities

A

Las Casas campaigned against Spanish violence.

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37
Q

Witness: Writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas

A

Collection of Las Casas’ significant writings.

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38
Q

George Sanderline

A

Editor of Las Casas’ selected writings.

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39
Q

Resource List

A

Recommended readings for deeper understanding.

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40
Q

Las Casas’ Mission

A

To advocate for the rights of Indigenous peoples.

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41
Q

1550 Disputation

A

Debate on the treatment of American Indians.

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42
Q

Cultural Destruction

A

Impact of colonization on Indigenous cultures.

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43
Q

Human Sacrifice Debate

A

Discussion on morality of Indigenous practices.

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44
Q

Massacre Tactics

A

Spaniards lured nobles for surprise attacks.

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45
Q

Victims’ Pleas

A

Survivors sought mercy after the massacre.

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46
Q

Spanish commander

A

Leader ordering execution of captured citizens.

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47
Q

Roped citizens

A

Over a hundred leading citizens tied together.

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48
Q

Burned alive

A

Method of execution used against captured citizens.

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49
Q

Quu

A

Local name for the fortified temple.

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50
Q

Stout defence

A

Strong resistance put up by temple occupants.

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51
Q

Bartolomé de las Casas

A

Cleric concerned about treatment of Indigenous people.

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52
Q

Repartimiento

A

System of forced labor involving Indigenous peoples.

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53
Q

Encomienda

A

Land grant system allowing Spanish to exploit labor.

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54
Q

Ecclesiasticus

A

Chapter 34

55
Q

Ill-gotten goods

A

Unjustly acquired possessions offered as sacrifice.

56
Q

Dominicans

A

Religious order opposing Spanish possession of Indians.

57
Q

Natural law

A

Moral principles inherent in human nature.

58
Q

Divine law

A

God’s commandments guiding ethical behavior.

59
Q

Tyranny

A

Oppressive rule experienced by Indigenous peoples.

60
Q

Preaching

A

Act of delivering religious messages to others.

61
Q

Miseries of Indigenous peoples

A

Suffering endured by Indigenous under Spanish rule.

62
Q

Religious instruction

A

Teaching of Christian beliefs to Indigenous peoples.

63
Q

Conscience

A

Inner sense of right and wrong.

64
Q

Justice

A

Fair treatment and protection of rights.

65
Q

Sacrifice

A

Offering made to God

66
Q

Injustices

A

Unfair treatment or violations of rights.

67
Q

Corroborate

A

Confirm or support with evidence.

68
Q

Repartimientos

A

System of forced labor imposed on Indigenous peoples.

69
Q

Encomiendas

A

Land grants allowing Spanish settlers to exploit Indigenous labor.

70
Q

Assumption of Our Lady

A

Christian feast day celebrated on August 15.

71
Q

Active life

A

Engagement in practical

72
Q

Contemplative life

A

Focus on prayer and spiritual reflection.

73
Q

Spiritual acts of charity

A

Actions aimed at nurturing others’ spiritual well-being.

74
Q

Temporal acts of charity

A

Actions aimed at providing physical assistance.

75
Q

Obligation to restitution

A

Moral duty to return what was unjustly taken.

76
Q

Indigenous ignorance

A

Lack of knowledge among Indigenous peoples about their rights.

77
Q

Spanish colonization

A

Process of Spanish settlers inhabiting the Americas.

78
Q

Hispaniola

A

First island invaded by Spanish Christians in 1493.

79
Q

Maritime coast

A

Coastline along the sea

80
Q

Native Indian peoples

A

Indigenous populations living in the Americas pre-colonization.

81
Q

Population decline

A

Dramatic reduction of Indigenous peoples due to colonization.

82
Q

3 million souls

A

Estimated Indigenous population in Hispaniola before colonization.

83
Q

200 natives left

A

Current Indigenous population in Hispaniola after colonization.

84
Q

Cuba’s size

A

Length comparable to distance from Valladolid to Rome.

85
Q

Desolate islands

A

Islands like Puerto Rico and Jamaica now largely uninhabited.

86
Q

Lucaya Isles

A

Group of islands near Hispaniola

87
Q

500

88
Q

Cruelties of colonizers

A

Violent actions by Spaniards against Indigenous peoples.

89
Q

Gentle peoples

A

Description of Indigenous peoples as innocent and obedient.

90
Q

Depopulation

A

Reduction of population through violence and cruelty.

91
Q

Cruelty

A

Inhumane treatment towards indigenous peoples.

92
Q

Tyrannous wars

A

Unjust conflicts aimed at subjugating nations.

93
Q

Native lords

A

Indigenous leaders targeted for elimination.

94
Q

Ultimate aim

A

Primary goal of acquiring gold and riches.

95
Q

Subjugation

A

Domination of humble and patient populations.

96
Q

Destruction of souls

A

Killing without regard for spiritual well-being.

97
Q

Preaching the Gospel

A

Communicating Christian faith with specific intentions.

98
Q

Chrysostom’s view

A

Preachers should not seek power over hearers.

99
Q

Desire for riches

A

Motivation for preaching should not be avarice.

100
Q

Avarice

A

Greed; root of all evils according to scripture.

101
Q

Mildness and humility

A

Essential traits for effective preaching.

102
Q

Charity

A

Love motivating preachers to save souls.

103
Q

Witnesses of conduct

A

Preachers must demonstrate holiness and blamelessness.

104
Q

Organized preaching

A

Systematic approach to evangelism post-subjugation.

105
Q

Voluntary submission

A

Willingness of pagans to accept Christian rule.

106
Q

Impediments to preaching

A

Obstacles hindering effective communication of faith.

107
Q

War necessity

A

Conflict required to enforce Christian rule.

108
Q

Conversion

A

Process of changing beliefs to Christianity.

109
Q

Humility in preaching

A

Preachers should be courteous and respectful.

110
Q

Fruitful preaching

A

Preaching that results in genuine love and charity.

111
Q

Paul’s teachings

A

Guidance on maintaining holy conduct towards believers.

112
Q

War

A

Conflict causing violence

113
Q

Evils of War

A

Includes violence

114
Q

Licentiousness

A

Lack of moral restraint

115
Q

Pillage

A

Stealing goods during wartime.

116
Q

Human Sacrifice

A

Killing for religious or ritual purposes.

117
Q

Indoctrination

A

Teaching a doctrine or ideology forcefully.

118
Q

Natural Capacity

A

Inherent ability to be moved towards good.

119
Q

General Murder

A

Widespread killing without distinction.

120
Q

Robbery

121
Q

Rational Creature

A

Being capable of reason and moral judgment.

122
Q

Oppression

A

Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment.

123
Q

Sermon

A

A speech given for religious instruction.

124
Q

Authority

A

Power or right to give orders.

125
Q

Dominion

A

Sovereignty or control over a territory.

126
Q

Idolatry

A

Worship of idols or false gods.

127
Q

Decalogue

A

The Ten Commandments in biblical context.

128
Q

Moral Rectitude

A

Adherence to ethical principles.

129
Q

Cultural Superiority

A

Belief in the superiority of one’s culture.

130
Q

Colonization

A

Establishing control over foreign lands.

131
Q

Spiritual Instruction

A

Teaching about faith and religious practices.

132
Q

Oppressed Peoples

A

Groups subjected to harsh treatment.

133
Q

Penitence

A

Feeling of remorse for wrongdoing.

134
Q

Cruelty

A

Callous indifference to suffering.

History of Christianity (1 decks)

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