Week 2: Bartolomé de Las Casas Flashcards
1
Q
Bartolomé de Las Casas
A
Controversial figure in Spanish American history.
2
Q
Encomienda
A
Land grant system allowing forced labor of natives.
3
Q
Dominicans
A
Religious order advocating for native rights in Indies.
4
Q
Protector of the Indians
A
Title given to Las Casas for advocating native rights.
5
Q
New Laws
A
1542 legislation ending Indian slavery and encomiendas.
6
Q
Charles V
A
Holy Roman Emperor who supported Las Casas’ reforms.
7
Q
History of the Indies
A
Las Casas’ work documenting the treatment of natives.
8
Q
Pentecost sermon
A
1514 sermon leading to Las Casas’ change of heart.
9
Q
Cuba
A
Island where Las Casas served as chaplain.
10
Q
Hispaniola
A
First island colonized by the Spaniards in the Americas.
11
Q
Juan Gines de Sepulveda
A
Chronicler opposing Las Casas’ views on conquest.
12
Q
Commission of 1550
A
Group debating justice of conquest
13
Q
Slave Absolution
A
Las Casas refused absolution to slave owners.
14
Q
Education with Dominicans
A
11 years spent promoting native rights and education.
15
Q
Spanish Colonists
A
Opposed Las Casas’ reforms and advocacy for natives.
16
Q
Forced Labor
A
Labor system imposed on natives under encomienda.
17
Q
Shipwreck
A
Incident where Las Casas salvaged books from mud.
18
Q
Seville
A
Birthplace of Las Casas in 1484.
19
Q
Indies
A
Term referring to the Caribbean and surrounding areas.
20
Q
Bishopric of Chiapa
A
Position held by Las Casas in southern Mexico.
21
Q
Charles V’s Audience
A
Meeting where Las Casas secured support for reforms.
22
Q
Renaissance Humanist
A
Sepulveda’s role defending conquest
23
Q
Campaign for Rights
A
Las Casas’ lifelong effort to protect native populations.
24
Q
Bartolomé de Las Casas
A
Pioneer anthropologist advocating for Indian humanity.
25
A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
Las Casas' 1552 work detailing Spanish atrocities.
26
Cholula Massacre
Mass killing of nobles to instill fear.
27
Humanity of Indians
Las Casas argued for Indians as rational beings.
28
Equality for All
Las Casas promoted equal treatment for all people.
29
Religious System
Indigenous cultures had complex religious beliefs.
30
Political Organization
Indians had structured governance and leadership.
31
Social Organization
Indigenous societies had intricate social hierarchies.
32
Gines de Sepulveda
Critic of Las Casas
33
Intellectual Capacity
Debate on the cognitive abilities of Indians.
34
Massacre Pattern
Spaniards used public massacres to terrorize populations.
35
Cultural Sophistication
Las Casas recognized advanced cultures among natives.
36
Protests Against Atrocities
Las Casas campaigned against Spanish violence.
37
Witness: Writings of Bartolomé de Las Casas
Collection of Las Casas' significant writings.
38
George Sanderline
Editor of Las Casas' selected writings.
39
Resource List
Recommended readings for deeper understanding.
40
Las Casas' Mission
To advocate for the rights of Indigenous peoples.
41
1550 Disputation
Debate on the treatment of American Indians.
42
Cultural Destruction
Impact of colonization on Indigenous cultures.
43
Human Sacrifice Debate
Discussion on morality of Indigenous practices.
44
Massacre Tactics
Spaniards lured nobles for surprise attacks.
45
Victims' Pleas
Survivors sought mercy after the massacre.
46
Spanish commander
Leader ordering execution of captured citizens.
47
Roped citizens
Over a hundred leading citizens tied together.
48
Burned alive
Method of execution used against captured citizens.
49
Quu
Local name for the fortified temple.
50
Stout defence
Strong resistance put up by temple occupants.
51
Bartolomé de las Casas
Cleric concerned about treatment of Indigenous people.
52
Repartimiento
System of forced labor involving Indigenous peoples.
53
Encomienda
Land grant system allowing Spanish to exploit labor.
54
Ecclesiasticus
Chapter 34
55
Ill-gotten goods
Unjustly acquired possessions offered as sacrifice.
56
Dominicans
Religious order opposing Spanish possession of Indians.
57
Natural law
Moral principles inherent in human nature.
58
Divine law
God's commandments guiding ethical behavior.
59
Tyranny
Oppressive rule experienced by Indigenous peoples.
60
Preaching
Act of delivering religious messages to others.
61
Miseries of Indigenous peoples
Suffering endured by Indigenous under Spanish rule.
62
Religious instruction
Teaching of Christian beliefs to Indigenous peoples.
63
Conscience
Inner sense of right and wrong.
64
Justice
Fair treatment and protection of rights.
65
Sacrifice
Offering made to God
66
Injustices
Unfair treatment or violations of rights.
67
Corroborate
Confirm or support with evidence.
68
Repartimientos
System of forced labor imposed on Indigenous peoples.
69
Encomiendas
Land grants allowing Spanish settlers to exploit Indigenous labor.
70
Assumption of Our Lady
Christian feast day celebrated on August 15.
71
Active life
Engagement in practical
72
Contemplative life
Focus on prayer and spiritual reflection.
73
Spiritual acts of charity
Actions aimed at nurturing others' spiritual well-being.
74
Temporal acts of charity
Actions aimed at providing physical assistance.
75
Obligation to restitution
Moral duty to return what was unjustly taken.
76
Indigenous ignorance
Lack of knowledge among Indigenous peoples about their rights.
77
Spanish colonization
Process of Spanish settlers inhabiting the Americas.
78
Hispaniola
First island invaded by Spanish Christians in 1493.
79
Maritime coast
Coastline along the sea
80
Native Indian peoples
Indigenous populations living in the Americas pre-colonization.
81
Population decline
Dramatic reduction of Indigenous peoples due to colonization.
82
3 million souls
Estimated Indigenous population in Hispaniola before colonization.
83
200 natives left
Current Indigenous population in Hispaniola after colonization.
84
Cuba's size
Length comparable to distance from Valladolid to Rome.
85
Desolate islands
Islands like Puerto Rico and Jamaica now largely uninhabited.
86
Lucaya Isles
Group of islands near Hispaniola
87
500
000 souls
88
Cruelties of colonizers
Violent actions by Spaniards against Indigenous peoples.
89
Gentle peoples
Description of Indigenous peoples as innocent and obedient.
90
Depopulation
Reduction of population through violence and cruelty.
91
Cruelty
Inhumane treatment towards indigenous peoples.
92
Tyrannous wars
Unjust conflicts aimed at subjugating nations.
93
Native lords
Indigenous leaders targeted for elimination.
94
Ultimate aim
Primary goal of acquiring gold and riches.
95
Subjugation
Domination of humble and patient populations.
96
Destruction of souls
Killing without regard for spiritual well-being.
97
Preaching the Gospel
Communicating Christian faith with specific intentions.
98
Chrysostom's view
Preachers should not seek power over hearers.
99
Desire for riches
Motivation for preaching should not be avarice.
100
Avarice
Greed; root of all evils according to scripture.
101
Mildness and humility
Essential traits for effective preaching.
102
Charity
Love motivating preachers to save souls.
103
Witnesses of conduct
Preachers must demonstrate holiness and blamelessness.
104
Organized preaching
Systematic approach to evangelism post-subjugation.
105
Voluntary submission
Willingness of pagans to accept Christian rule.
106
Impediments to preaching
Obstacles hindering effective communication of faith.
107
War necessity
Conflict required to enforce Christian rule.
108
Conversion
Process of changing beliefs to Christianity.
109
Humility in preaching
Preachers should be courteous and respectful.
110
Fruitful preaching
Preaching that results in genuine love and charity.
111
Paul's teachings
Guidance on maintaining holy conduct towards believers.
112
War
Conflict causing violence
113
Evils of War
Includes violence
114
Licentiousness
Lack of moral restraint
115
Pillage
Stealing goods during wartime.
116
Human Sacrifice
Killing for religious or ritual purposes.
117
Indoctrination
Teaching a doctrine or ideology forcefully.
118
Natural Capacity
Inherent ability to be moved towards good.
119
General Murder
Widespread killing without distinction.
120
Robbery
Theft
121
Rational Creature
Being capable of reason and moral judgment.
122
Oppression
Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment.
123
Sermon
A speech given for religious instruction.
124
Authority
Power or right to give orders.
125
Dominion
Sovereignty or control over a territory.
126
Idolatry
Worship of idols or false gods.
127
Decalogue
The Ten Commandments in biblical context.
128
Moral Rectitude
Adherence to ethical principles.
129
Cultural Superiority
Belief in the superiority of one's culture.
130
Colonization
Establishing control over foreign lands.
131
Spiritual Instruction
Teaching about faith and religious practices.
132
Oppressed Peoples
Groups subjected to harsh treatment.
133
Penitence
Feeling of remorse for wrongdoing.
134
Cruelty
Callous indifference to suffering.
