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ICL Block Year 3 > Week 2 - Asthma, Pneumonia, TB > Flashcards

Week 2 - Asthma, Pneumonia, TB Flashcards

1
Q

Is streptococcus pneumoniae a
A) bacterium ?
B) virus ?
C) fungus ?

A

Bacterium

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2
Q

Is influenza A a
A) bacterium ?
B) virus ?
C) fungus ?

A

Virus

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3
Q

Is haemophilus influenzae a
A) bacterium ?
B) virus ?
C) fungus ?

A

Bacterium

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4
Q

Is aspergillus fumigatus a
A) bacterium ?
B) virus ?
C) fungus ?

A

Fungus

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5
Q

Is moraxella catarrhalis a
A) bacterium ?
B) virus ?
C) fungus ?

A

Bacterium

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6
Q

Is pneumocystis jiroveci a
A) bacterium ?
B) virus ?
C) fungus ?

A

Fungus

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7
Q

What colour do gram-positive organisms stain?

A

Purple or blue

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8
Q

What colour do gram-negative organisms stain?

A

Pink or red

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9
Q

What word is used to describe round bacteria ?

A

Cocci

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10
Q

What word is used to describe rod-shaped bacteria?

A

Bacilli

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11
Q

What gram-staining class is E.coli?

A

gram negative bacilli

Pink/red rods

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12
Q

What gram-staining class is staph aureus?

A

gram positive cocci

blue/purple circles

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13
Q

What gram-staining class is strep pneumonia?

A

gram positive cocci

blue/purple circles

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14
Q

What gram-staining class is C.diff?

A

gram positive bacilli

blue/purple rods

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15
Q

What gram-staining class is pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

gram negative bacilli

red/pink rods

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16
Q

What tests would you perform if you suspect asthma?

A
  • spirometry
  • peak flow
  • FeNo
  • peak flow diary
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17
Q

Name 2 SABA drugs …

A
  • salbutamol
  • terbutaline
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18
Q

Name a LABA …

A

Salmeterol

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19
Q

Name 4 examples of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)…

A
  • beclometasone
  • fluticasone
  • budesonide
  • ciclesonide
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20
Q

Give examples of types/names of LABA/ICS inhalers…

A
  • symbicort
  • seretide
  • fostair
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21
Q

List some trade name medications that contain salbutamol…

A
  • salbutamol
  • salamol
  • ventolin
  • asamal
  • airomir
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22
Q

List some trade name medications that contain beclometasone…

A
  • asmabec
  • QVAR
  • clenil modulate
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23
Q

What types of inhaler devices are there?

A
  • metered dose inhalers (MDIs)
  • dry powdered inhalers (DPIs)
  • breath actuated inhalers (BAIs)
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24
Q

How do you instruct a patient to breath while using a metered dose inhaler ?

A

Inhale slow and steady

25
How do you instruct a patient to breath while using a dry powdered inhaler ?
Inhale quickly and deep
26
How could a patient wash an inhaler spacer at home?
- once a week - hot soapy water - leave to air dry (not towel dry)
27
Why should you leave a spacer to air dry after washing it?
**Using a towel can create static** in the device that affects the deposition of the medication
28
Which type of inhaler has lowest global warming potential?
Dry powdered inhalers *because they don’t contain propellant*
29
Give some examples of obstructive lung diseases…
- COPD - Asthma - CF - Bronchiectasis - Emphysema - Chronic bronchitis
30
Give some examples of restrictive lung diseases…
- pulmonary fibrosis - asbestosis - sarcoidosis
31
In **obstructive** lung diseases, what changes occur to the **FEV1** in spirometry testing?
Normal or decreased *depending on severity of obstruction*
32
In **obstructive** lung diseases, what changes occur to the **FVC** in spirometry testing?
Normal or decreased *depending on the severity of obstruction*
33
In **obstructive** lung diseases, what changes occur to the **FEV1/FVC ration** in spirometry testing?
Decreased *(below the normal 70%)*
34
In **restrictive** lung diseases, what changes occur to the **FEV1** in spirometry testing?
Normal or decreased
35
In **restrictive** lung diseases, what changes occur to the **FVC** in spirometry testing?
Decreased
36
In **restrictive** lung diseases, what changes occur to the **FEV1/FVC ratio** in spirometry testing?
Normal or increased *(above the normal 70%)*
37
What does pleural rub sound similar to on auscultation ?
Walking in the snow
38
What 2 pathologies could be causing a rub on auscultation?
Pleural rub Pericardial rub
39
How to you differentiate between pleural and pericardial rub on auscultation?
**brief inspiratory hold manoeuvre** = get patient to hold breath and if rub continues during that hold, it is likely pericardial
40
What medical conditions cause a wheeze on auscultation?
- asthma - COPD - obstructive pulmonary disease - heart failure - eosinophilic lung disease - foreign body aspiration
41
If physical activity is known to exacerbate asthma, what are patients advised to do?
**Take a dose of their SABA before the activity**, and have the inhaler on them in case of an attack
42
What is the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate?
**Peak flow** Maximal volume of air expired in a short maximal effort, after a full inspiration
43
What do ABGs monitor?
A patients.. - PaO2 *(oxygenation)* - pH of blood *(acid/base balance)* - PaCO2 *(ventilation)* - HCO3 *(metabolism)* - Base excess *Also K, Na, Lactate, Ca, Cl, Hb, Hct, glucose
44
What is the approximate normal range for PaO2 in an ABG?
**10-13** kPa
45
What is the approximate normal range for pH in an ABG?
7.35 - 7.45
46
What is the approximate normal range for PaCO2 in an ABG?
**4.5 - 6.0** kPa
47
What is the approximate normal range for HCO3 in an ABG?
**22 - 26** mEq/L
48
What is the approximate normal range for Base Excess in an ABG?
+/- 2
49
What PaO2 is considered as hypoxia ?
**<8** kPa
50
What is the A-a gradient ?
The difference between the PaO2 that the patient breathes in and the PaO2 found on an ABG **PaO2 breath - PaO2 ABG = A-a gradient**
51
What A-a gradient would indicate a significant problem with the patient?
An A-a **significatnyl bigger than 10** *e.g 25*
52
What PaCO2 is considered respiratory alkalosis ?
**<4.5** due to a high resp rate
53
What PaCO2 is considered respiratory acidosis ?
**>6.0** due to resp failure
54
What HCO3 is considered metabolic alkalosis ?
**>26**
55
What HCO3 is considered metabolic acidosis ?
**<22**
56
What causes a **mixed resp/metabolic ACIDosis**?
Increased PaCO2 Decreased pH Decreased HCO3
57
What causes a **mixed resp/metabolic ACIDosis**?
**very rare!** Decreased PaCO2 Increased pH Increased HCO3
58
Compare speed of respiratory Vs metabolic compensation for acidosis/alkalosis…
Respiratory compensation = quick Metabolic compensation = days to weeks
59
When would you see metabolic compensation?
In a **chronic resp condition**

ICL Block Year 3 (4 decks)

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