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BDS 3 Anatomy > Week 2: Anterior and Posterior Triangles of the Neck > Flashcards

Week 2: Anterior and Posterior Triangles of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What surrounds the common carotid artery?

A

The carotid sheath.

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2
Q

What muscle wrinkles the neck and what does it cover?

A

Platysma muscle- covers the superficial part of the posterior triangle.

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Borders include the trapezius muscle posteriorly, the sternocleidomastoid muscle anteriorly, and the middle one-third of the clavicle inferiorly. The union of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles at their insertion on the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone form the apex of the triangle.

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4
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Laterally, the anterior triangle is bounded by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Its superior border is the inferior border of the mandible. Medially, the boundary is the midline of the neck. The anterior triangle can further subdivide into four sub-triangles.

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5
Q

Is there lymph nodes in both triangles?

A

Yes.

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6
Q

What spinal nerves form the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1.

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7
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the trapezius and SCM muscles?

A

Accessory nerve.

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8
Q

What vein can a doctor insert a cannula into to monitor pressures in heart?

A

Subclavian vein.

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9
Q

Try and identify the strap (infrahyoid muscles on a diagram because i cant insert photos).

A

.

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10
Q

Whats another name for the “Adam’s apple”?

A

Laryngeal prominence.

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11
Q

Where are the baroreceptors located in the neck?

A

Carotid sinus.

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12
Q

What is the test for the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Stick tongue out. Deviation moves towards paralysed side if nerve is damaged.

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13
Q

What is the superficial and deep plane of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Superficial plane – omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles.

Deep plane – sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles.

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14
Q

What is the arterial and venous blood supply of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

The arterial supply to the infrahyoid muscles is via the superior and inferior thyroid arteries, with venous drainage via the corresponding veins.

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15
Q

What are the attachments for the omohyoid muscle?

A

The inferior belly of the omohyoid arises from the scapula. It runs superomedially underneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
It is attached to the superior belly by an intermediate tendon, which is anchored to the clavicle by the deep cervical fascia.
From here, the superior belly ascends to attach to the hyoid bone.

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16
Q

What is the function and innervation of the omohyoid muscle?

A
  • Depress the hyoid bone.

- Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by a branch of the ansa cervicalis.

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17
Q

What are the attachments/actions and innervations of the sternohyoid muscle?

A

Attachments: Originates from the sternum and sternoclavicular joint. It ascends to insert onto the hyoid bone.
Actions: Depresses the hyoid bone.
Innervation: Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by a branch of the ansa cervicalis.

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18
Q

What are the attachments/actions and innervations of the sternothyoid muscle?

A

Attachments: Arises from the manubrium of the sternum, and attaches to the thyroid cartilage.
Actions: Depresses the thyroid cartilage.
Innervation: Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by a branch of the ansa cervicalis.

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19
Q

What are the attachments/actions and innervations of the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Attachments: Arises from the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, and ascends to attach to the hyoid bone.
Actions: Depresses the hyoid. If the hyoid bone is fixed, it can elevate the larynx.
Innervation: Anterior ramus of C1, carried within the hypoglossal nerve.

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20
Q

What is the pathway of the hypoglossal nerve into the neck?

A

At a point at the level of the angle of the mandible, the hypoglossal nerve emerges from behind the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. It then loops around a branch of the occipital artery and travels forward into the region beneath the mandible.

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21
Q

What is the artery called that is before the common carotid artery?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk (splits into right subclavian artery and the common carotid).

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22
Q

What nerve is between the common carotid artery and the external jugular vein?

A

Vagus nerve.

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23
Q

What hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?

A

T3, T4 and calcitonin.

24
Q

What does the thyroid gland split up into?

A

Right and left lobe.

25
Q

What is the thyroid glands blood supply?

A

Superior thyroid artery.

26
Q

What vertebre does the thyroid gland expand infront of?

A

The thyroid gland is located in the anterior neck and spans the C5-T1 vertebrae.

27
Q

What do the lobes of the thyroid gland wrap around?

A

The lobes of the thyroid gland are wrapped around the cricoid cartilage and superior rings of the trachea.

28
Q

What is lateral to the thyroid gland?

A

Laterally – carotid sheath, containing the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve.

29
Q

What is medial to the thyroid gland?

A

Medially –
Organs – larynx, pharynx, trachea and oesophagus
Nerves – external laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal.

30
Q

What is anterior to the thyroid gland?

A

Anteriorly – infrahyoid muscles, namely the sternothyroid, superior belly of the omohyoid and sternohyoid.

31
Q

What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Superior thyroid artery – arises as the first branch of the external carotid artery. It lies in close proximity to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (innervates the larynx).
  2. Inferior thyroid artery – arises from the thyrocervical trunk (a branch of the subclavian artery). It lies in close proximity to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (innervates the larynx).
32
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?

A

The superior and middle thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein and the inferior empties into the brachiocephalic vein.

33
Q

Where do you insert a needle into the neck for a planned airway and an emergency airway?

A
  1. Wide bourne needle into crichothyroid membrane- emergency airway.
  2. 234th rings trachea- planned airway.
34
Q

What vein can you see in a patient when they are lying down and pressure is put on their neck?

A

External jugular vein- if this vein is full when sitting up, the patient might have congestive heart failure.

35
Q

When looking at a patient’s neck- where is the landmark for the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?

A

At the laryngeal notch.

36
Q

What is the slight depression between the two clavicles between the sternum called?

A

Jugular notch.

37
Q

What attaches the top of the trachea to the larynx?

A

At the top of the trachea the cricoid cartilage attaches it to the larynx.

38
Q

What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A
  • Poptosis of the eyes.
  • Thickening of fat behind eye socket and pushes eyes further forward.
  • White of the eyes above cornea- problem. Can see sclera.
39
Q

What is goitre?

A

A goitre (sometimes spelled “goiter”) is a swelling of the thyroid gland that causes a lump in the front of the neck.

40
Q

What is Hashimoto’s disease?

A

Hashimoto’s disease, or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease that damages the thyroid gland. Hashimoto’s disease affects more women than men. It is the most common cause of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).

41
Q

At what level of the cervical vertebre does the trachea begin?

A

The trachea begins level with the sixth cervical vertebra (C6).

42
Q

What do the parathyroid glands do?

A

The parathyroid glands, which lie behind the thyroid, manufacture the parathyroid hormone, which plays a role in regulating your body’s levels of the minerals calcium and phosphorus. Hyperparathyroidism is when your parathyroid glands create too much parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream.

43
Q

What vertebral levels is the thyroid gland located at?

A

C5-T1.

44
Q

What is laterally located to the thyroid gland and is in contact with it?

A

The carotid sheath.

45
Q

What surface does the isthmus of the thyroid gland cover?

A

Anterior surface of tracheal rings 2 and 3.

46
Q

What is another lobe that the thyroid gland can sometimes have?

A

A pyramidal lobe that extends superiorly from the isthmus (is a route of embryonic development).

47
Q

Describe the route of the recurrent laryngeal nerve from the thyroid gland.

A

Pass immediately posterior to the lobes of the thyroid gland in the groove between the trachea and oesophagus.

48
Q

How many parathyroid glands are usually on each lobe of the thyroid gland?

A

1-3.

49
Q

Where does the thyroid ima artery enter the thyroid gland (clinically significant variant)?

A

Enters the thyroid gland inferiorly towards midline.

50
Q

What is the boundaries of the platysma muscle?

A

It passes superiorly to the clavicle and descends towards its inferior attachment in the superficial fascia of the thorax.

51
Q

Where does the external jugular vein begin?

A

Posterior to the angle of the mandible and crosses the superficial surface of the SCM muscle.

52
Q

Where does the external jugular vein drain into the subclavian vein?

A

3cm above clavicle it pierces investing layer of deep cervical fascia (roof of posterior triangle) to drain into this vein.

53
Q

What does the lesser occipital nerve innervate?

A

Supplies part of the scalp immediately posterior to the ear.

-it parallels the posterior border of the SCM as it passes superiorly.

54
Q

What does the great auricular nerve supply and what is its passageway in the superficial neck (C2 and C3)?

A

Skin of the lower part of the ear, skin over parotid gland and the area of the skin extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process.
-crosses superficial surface of the CSM parallel to the external jugular vein.

55
Q

What does the transverse cervical nerve innervate and its passageway in the superficial neck?

A

Supplies skin over the anterior triangle of the neck.

-C2 and C3, passes transversally over SCM and neck.

56
Q

What is the passageway of the accessory nerve?

A

Crosses posterior cervical triangle deep to the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia from slightly superior to the midpoint of the posterior border of the SCM to the superior border of the trapezius muscle.

57
Q

What do the branches of spinal nerves C3 and C4 join the accessory nerve in the posterior cervical triangle do?

A

They provide proprioception sensory innervation.

BDS 3 Anatomy (1 decks)

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