Week 2 - Alterations in Perfusions Flashcards
Platelets
150k - 400k
Hematocrit (HCT)
Female low 27% - 52% Male High
Hgb (hemoglobin) levels
Lower female 12 - 18 Higher male
INR
0.8 to 1.1 (therapeutic 2 - 3x)
aPTT normal
30 - 40 secs (therapeutic 1.5 to 2x normal)
What is immune thrombocytopenia purpura?
-Most common
-Acquired immune disorder (autoimmune disorder, infection (h.pylori), or viral infection (HJIV)
Platelets coated with antibodies –> spleen destroys it
Initial treatment for Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpira? What does it do?
-Corticosteroids (prednisone, methyprednisolone)
-Suppresses immune response –> platelets don’t get destroyed
What is Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Deficiency is ADAMTs13 that breaks down vWF into normal size
The deficiency will cause vWF to be too long and platelets aggregate –> form clots
Treatments for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Plasmapheresis to supply appropriate ADAMTS13 and vWF
Manifestations of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia?
-Venous thrombosis
-Arterial thrombosis
-DVT
-Pulmonary embolism
Treatment for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
-Perm. stop all heparin and start warfarin
- Protamine sulfate antidote to heparin
- Last resort –> thrombolytic agents
What are beta blocker medications for MI? (Ends in?)
Medications that end in “LOL” (atenolol, metoprolol)
Treatment for stable and nonstable anginas
- MONA
- ACE inhibitors
- Beta blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
Treatment for STEMI
Cardiac catheter within 90 minutes to open up artery w/thrombolytic agent or stent
Treatment for MI
-MONA
-Beta blockers
-Lipid lowering drugs for cholesterol (ends in -statins)
- Stool softeners
What lab tests is specific diagnosis for myocardial infarction?
Troponin – Means cardiac tissue damage
Treatment for MI
-MONA
-Beta blockers
-Lipid lowering drugs for cholesterol (ends in -statins)
- Stool softeners
Treatment for atrial flutters
-Beta blockers
-Calcium channel blockers
-Electrical cardioversion
-Antidysrhythmic drugs: Amiodarone or Ibutilde
Treatment for Atrial Fib
-Beta blockers
-Calcium channel blockers
-Antidysrhythmic drugs: Amiodarone
-Anticoagulation: Heparain (assess PTT) or Warfarin (assess INR)
What is Left-sided heart failure?
Left ventricles fails and blood goes back into left atrium/pulmonary veins
Manifestations of LSHF
- Pulmonary edema, crackles, wheezing, orthopnea, tachypnea/tachycardia, cyanosis, pink frothy sputum
What is RSHF
-RV fails and fluid goes back into systemic venous system
- Fluid moves into tissues and lungs
RSHF AWHEAD?
- Anorexia Nervosa
- Weight Gain
- Hepatomegaly
- Edema
-Ascites (fluid buildup in stomach) - Distended Jugular neck Vein
What diagnostic test for heart failure?
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)!!!
