Week 2 Flashcards
What are Speech Sound Disorders?
- ) Articulation
- ) Phonological Disorders
- ) Childhood Apraxia of Speech
What is Articulation (phonetic)?
The ability to produce individual sounds by manipulation of mouth muscles.
What is Phonology (phonological)?
Mastery of the rules of sounds. Knowing the rules!
What is Standard American English (SAE)?
a uniform system for spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.
What is a Dialect?
Variation in the way a group of people speak from a region within a country.
What is a foreign accent?
Speech characteristics are carried over from one language into another.
What is the IPA?
The International Phonetic Alphabet.
With articulatory descriptions of consonants, what is Voicing?
Whether or not the vocal cords are vibrating.
With articulatory descriptions of consonants, what is Place?
Point of construction in the vocal tract.
With articulatory descriptions of consonants, what is Manner?
How air is constructed in the vocal tract.
What is Bilabial?
Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with both lips.
What is Labiodental?
Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with upper teeth and lower lip.
What is Lingualdental?
Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with the tongue between the teeth.
What is Alveolar?
Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with the tongue tip elevated at the alveolar ridge.
What is Palatal?
Has to do with Place. Sounds produced in the region of the hard palate.
What is Velar?
Has to do with Place. Sounds produced in the region of the soft palate.
What is Glottal?
Has to do with Place. Sounds produced at the level of the glottis.
What are Stops?
Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a complete obstruction of the vocal tract.
What are Fricatives?
Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with construction or partial obstruction of the vocal tract.
What are Affricates?
Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a brief obstruction of the vocal tract and then a gradual release of the airstream.
What are Nasals?
Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with the Velopharyngeal port open which allows for nasal resonance.
What are Liquids?
Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a relatively open vocal tract that is only somewhat more restricted than for valor production.
What are Glides?
Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a gliding movement of the tongue either toward a vowel or away from a vowel.
With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Advancement?
Point of “major” construction.
With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Height?
How “closed” or “open” the sound is.
With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Lip Configuration?
Rounded versus retracted
With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Tenseness?
The degree of muscle tension.
What are phonological processes?
Patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk.
Why do children to use phonological processes?
They do this because they don’t have the ability to coordinate the lips, tongue, teeth, palate and jar for clear speech.
Describe phonological processes.
- ) They are systematic and predictable
- ) They affect whole class of sounds.
- ) Certain processes are common
- ) Normally extinguish themselves.
Describe the Phonological Process of Syllable Structure.
Sound changes that affect the syllable structure of a word.
Describe Cluster Reduction as it pertains to the process of syllable structure.
Consonant clusters are simplified into a single continent. Ex.) Spoon —– Poon
Describe Weak Syllable Deletion as it pertains to the process of syllable structure.
Unstressed or weak syllable in the word is deleted. ex.) Banana —- nana
Describe Final Consonant Deletion as it pertains to the process of syllable structure.
Deletion of the final consonant of a word. ex.) Leaf — Lea-
Describe the phonological process of Substitution.
One sound is substituted for another sound in a systematic way.
Describe Fronting as it pertains to the process of substitution.
Sound made in the back of the mouth (velar) is replace with the sound made in the front of the mouth (alveolar). ex.) Monkey — Montey
Describe Stopping as it pertains to the process of substitution.
Fricative and or affricate is replaced with a stop sound. ex.) Vacuum — Bacuum
Describe Gliding as it pertains to the process of substitution.
Liquid (/r/, /l/) is replaced with a glide (/w/, /j/)
ex.) Tree — Twee
Describe Deaffrication as it pertains to Substitution.
Africate is replaced with the fricative.
ex.) Watches — Watsez
Describe the phonological process of Assimilation (Consonant Harmony).
One sound becomes the same or similar to another sound in the word.
Describe the Velar Assimilation as it pertains to assimilation.
Non-velar sound changes to a velar sound due to the presence of a neighboring velar sound.
Ex.) Cup —- Kuk
Describe Nasal Assimilation as it pertains to a simulation.
Non-nasal sound changes to a nasal sound due to the presence of a neighboring nasal sound.
ex.) Down —- Nown
Describe the steps in Articulation Testing.
- ) Case History
- ) Standardized Tests
- ) Oral Mechanism Exam
- ) Speech Language Sample
- ) Intelligibility
- ) Stimulability.
What are the three different word positions?
Initial, medial, and final.
