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slp 150 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Speech Sound Disorders?

A
  1. ) Articulation
  2. ) Phonological Disorders
  3. ) Childhood Apraxia of Speech
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2
Q

What is Articulation (phonetic)?

A

The ability to produce individual sounds by manipulation of mouth muscles.

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3
Q

What is Phonology (phonological)?

A

Mastery of the rules of sounds. Knowing the rules!

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4
Q

What is Standard American English (SAE)?

A

a uniform system for spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.

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5
Q

What is a Dialect?

A

Variation in the way a group of people speak from a region within a country.

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6
Q

What is a foreign accent?

A

Speech characteristics are carried over from one language into another.

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7
Q

What is the IPA?

A

The International Phonetic Alphabet.

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8
Q

With articulatory descriptions of consonants, what is Voicing?

A

Whether or not the vocal cords are vibrating.

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9
Q

With articulatory descriptions of consonants, what is Place?

A

Point of construction in the vocal tract.

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10
Q

With articulatory descriptions of consonants, what is Manner?

A

How air is constructed in the vocal tract.

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11
Q

What is Bilabial?

A

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with both lips.

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12
Q

What is Labiodental?

A

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with upper teeth and lower lip.

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13
Q

What is Lingualdental?

A

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with the tongue between the teeth.

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14
Q

What is Alveolar?

A

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced with the tongue tip elevated at the alveolar ridge.

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15
Q

What is Palatal?

A

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced in the region of the hard palate.

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16
Q

What is Velar?

A

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced in the region of the soft palate.

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17
Q

What is Glottal?

A

Has to do with Place. Sounds produced at the level of the glottis.

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18
Q

What are Stops?

A

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a complete obstruction of the vocal tract.

19
Q

What are Fricatives?

A

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with construction or partial obstruction of the vocal tract.

20
Q

What are Affricates?

A

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a brief obstruction of the vocal tract and then a gradual release of the airstream.

21
Q

What are Nasals?

A

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with the Velopharyngeal port open which allows for nasal resonance.

22
Q

What are Liquids?

A

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a relatively open vocal tract that is only somewhat more restricted than for valor production.

23
Q

What are Glides?

A

Has to do with Manner. Sounds that are produced with a gliding movement of the tongue either toward a vowel or away from a vowel.

24
Q

With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Advancement?

A

Point of “major” construction.

25
Q

With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Height?

A

How “closed” or “open” the sound is.

26
Q

With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Lip Configuration?

A

Rounded versus retracted

27
Q

With articulatory descriptions of vowels, what is Tenseness?

A

The degree of muscle tension.

28
Q

What are phonological processes?

A

Patterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk.

29
Q

Why do children to use phonological processes?

A

They do this because they don’t have the ability to coordinate the lips, tongue, teeth, palate and jar for clear speech.

30
Q

Describe phonological processes.

A
  1. ) They are systematic and predictable
  2. ) They affect whole class of sounds.
  3. ) Certain processes are common
  4. ) Normally extinguish themselves.
31
Q

Describe the Phonological Process of Syllable Structure.

A

Sound changes that affect the syllable structure of a word.

32
Q

Describe Cluster Reduction as it pertains to the process of syllable structure.

A

Consonant clusters are simplified into a single continent. Ex.) Spoon —– Poon

33
Q

Describe Weak Syllable Deletion as it pertains to the process of syllable structure.

A

Unstressed or weak syllable in the word is deleted. ex.) Banana —- nana

34
Q

Describe Final Consonant Deletion as it pertains to the process of syllable structure.

A

Deletion of the final consonant of a word. ex.) Leaf — Lea-

35
Q

Describe the phonological process of Substitution.

A

One sound is substituted for another sound in a systematic way.

36
Q

Describe Fronting as it pertains to the process of substitution.

A

Sound made in the back of the mouth (velar) is replace with the sound made in the front of the mouth (alveolar). ex.) Monkey — Montey

37
Q

Describe Stopping as it pertains to the process of substitution.

A

Fricative and or affricate is replaced with a stop sound. ex.) Vacuum — Bacuum

38
Q

Describe Gliding as it pertains to the process of substitution.

A

Liquid (/r/, /l/) is replaced with a glide (/w/, /j/)

ex.) Tree — Twee

39
Q

Describe Deaffrication as it pertains to Substitution.

A

Africate is replaced with the fricative.

ex.) Watches — Watsez

40
Q

Describe the phonological process of Assimilation (Consonant Harmony).

A

One sound becomes the same or similar to another sound in the word.

41
Q

Describe the Velar Assimilation as it pertains to assimilation.

A

Non-velar sound changes to a velar sound due to the presence of a neighboring velar sound.
Ex.) Cup —- Kuk

42
Q

Describe Nasal Assimilation as it pertains to a simulation.

A

Non-nasal sound changes to a nasal sound due to the presence of a neighboring nasal sound.
ex.) Down —- Nown

43
Q

Describe the steps in Articulation Testing.

A
  1. ) Case History
  2. ) Standardized Tests
  3. ) Oral Mechanism Exam
  4. ) Speech Language Sample
  5. ) Intelligibility
  6. ) Stimulability.
44
Q

What are the three different word positions?

A

Initial, medial, and final.

slp 150 (1 decks)

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