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Intro to OT > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Occupation?

A

Various life activities including Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental ADL (IADL), education, work, play, leisure, and social participation.”

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2
Q

Occupational Performance

A

The ability to carry out activities in daily life (areas of occupation)
Individualized
Influenced by culture, values, contexts, passage of time
Provide meaning in life

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3
Q

Characteristics of OT Clients

A

“Client” versus “Patient”
All ages
Developmental/Acquired Conditions
Physical/Mental/Emotional/Spiritual Health Needs
Health and Wellness: Optimal goal of therapy

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4
Q

Quality ot services

A

Consideration of client contextual factors + provision of client centered interventions

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5
Q

The distinct value of occupational therapy

A

to improve health and quality of life through facilitating participation and engagement in occupations, the meaningful, necessary, and familiar activities of everyday life

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6
Q

Preparatory

A

Range of motion, strengthening, stretching

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7
Q

Contrived

A

activities that include component skills or tasks, “mock activities”, purposeful in nature

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8
Q

Occupation Centered

A

Completed in natural setting, containing all components of goal centered activity

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9
Q

Therapeutic Use of self

A

Therapists’ conscious efforts to optimize
their interactions with clients”
(Punwar & Peloquin,2000, p. 285)
” Therapists need to be aware of and understand their emotions to access intuition, to trust their emotions to act on them, and to use their emotions in problem solving and decision making”

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10
Q

OT Terminology 1

A

Occupational Therapy Aide (OT Aide)
Occupational Therapy Student (OTS)
Occupational Therapy Assistant Student (OTAS)
Occupational Therapy Personnel (Any person who delivers OT services)
Occupational Therapy Practitioner (certified OT or OTA who is licensed by the State and has not had any disciplinary actions)

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11
Q

OT Terminology 2

A

Occupational Therapist (OT)
Occupational Therapy Profession (OT)
Occupational Therapy Assistant (OTA)
OTR/L (OT who is registered/certified and licensed by the State
COTA/L (OTA who is certified and licensed by the State)

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12
Q

OT Terminology 3

A 
MOT (Master’s of OT Degree)
AAS (Associates of Science Degree)
MS (Master’s of Science Degree)
MA (Master’s of Art Degree)
OTD (Occupational Therapy Doctorate)
PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)
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13
Q

OTA Abbreviations

A

COTA= Person who has passed National Board of Certification for Occupational Therapy (NBCOT®) Examination but is not licensed by State to practice as an OTA

When licensed by the State: COTA/L

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14
Q

History of OTA Certification

A

1977: 1st OTA certification examination
1917: !st national societys meeting

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15
Q

Certification

A

AOTCB (American Occupational Therapy Certification Board)
CHANGED TO
Name was changed to National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT®)

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16
Q

What is Certification?

A

National testing to certify minimum level of knowledge/qualifications to be entry-level OT/OTA
NBCOT® independent organization of AOTA
NBCOT® examination scheduled after coursework and fieldwork
Four hour exam in all practice areas

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17
Q

Rationale for Licensure

A

Ensures OT is comparable to other allied health professions
Provides for health and safety of the public
Assures competency
Provides recognition of profession
Sets professional accountability standards

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18
Q

History of Licensure

A

AOTA Political Action Committee (OT PAC) assisted States in drafting licensure acts

Most States have experienced resistance to licensing OT by other professions (PT)

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19
Q

OT professional associations

A

American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA)

Illinois Occupational Therapy Association (ILOTA)

World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT)

American Student Committee of the Occupational Therapy Association (ASCOTA)

SOTA (Student Occupational Therapy Association)

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20
Q

WFOT mission

A

WFOT promotes occupational therapy as an art and science internationally. The Federation supports the development, use and practice of occupational therapy worldwide, demonstrating its relevance and contribution to society”.

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21
Q

Philosophy Basics

A

Metaphysics
Nature of humankind: find meaning and engage
Epistemology
Nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge: “How do we know things?”
Axiology
Study of values: “What are our standards of conduct?”

22
Q

Philosophy: Holism

A

Adolf Meyer, Swiss physician
Not a founder but highly influential
Developed psychobiological approach to mental illness

23
Q

Humanism

A

Client should be treated as a person, not an object
Foundation for our Ethics, as defined in Core Values and Attitudes of Occupational Therapy Practice (AOTA)
7 concepts identified

24
Q

Key Events in OT history

A

1917: 1st National Organization for Occupational Therapists: National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy
1917: (beginning of ) World War One
1941: (beginning of ) World War Two

25
Q

Moral treatment

A

Movement to use purposeful activities in the treatment of persons with mental illness

26
Q

Moral treatment movement

A

Philippe Pinel: Pushed to “unshackle” clients by having clients engage in meaningful occupations, introduced “work treatment” for the “insane”

William Tuke: Built the 1st group home for persons with mental illness, utilized occupations to heal clients, created a retreat facility where patients were approached with kindness and consideration

Benjamin Rush: Started the Moral Treatment Movement in United States

27
Q

Arts and crafts movement

A

1904: Herbert Hall (MD, Massachusetts):
1st clinic for persons with physical disability focusing on use of arts & crafts
1910: William Rush-Dunton (Psychiatrist and OT):
Implemented arts & crafts program at psychiatry facility
“Father” of Occupational Therapy
Published “Occupational Therapy: A Manual for Nurses
1914: George Edward Barton (Architect, Boston):
Opened convalescent house using occupation for rehabilitation – Consolation House

28
Q

Eleanor Clarke Slagle

A

Social Worker from Chicago
Attended Hull House Settlement School in Chicago
1915:
Slagle developed the 1st OT school: Henry B. Flavil School of Occupations at Hull House.
Incorporated habit training for the severely mentally ill by providing ADL and social skill training
“MOTHER” of Occupational Therapy

29
Q

Eleanor clarke slagle lectureship award

A 
Eleanor Clark Slagle Lectureship 
      Award established
Given yearly by AOTA to an 
    OT/OTA who demonstrates 
    excellence in research, education, 
    and/or clinical practice
30
Q

First Professional ot meeting

A

1917:
National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy (NSPOT)

NSPOT Vision:
Develop and disseminate body of knowledge
related to the use of occupations

31
Q

NSPOT Philosophical beliefs

A

Restore person to productive role in society
Use of occupations as treatment
Interaction of man and his environment
Disability/illness due to lack of fit between person’s habits and his/her environment
Utilization of purposeful, graduated activity

32
Q

WWI Impact on ot profession

A

U.S. Army called for Reconstruction Aides to rehabilitate returning soldiers
Soldier’s Rehabilitation Act
Civilian Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Reconstruction Aides promoted recovery through use of activity
OTs educated reconstruction aides by providing 12-16 week training programs
OTs role in training Aides led to increase in number of OTs in the United States (U.S.)

33
Q

OT history post WWI

A

After WWI, the need for OTs decreased & many OT educational programs shut down (The Great Depression)

34
Q

Impact of WWII on ot

A

Army created positions for OTs – Army (Originally Women’s) Medical Specialist Corps

Impact of WWII on OT:
More men returned from war with serious disabilities (instead of dying)
Led to an increase in demand for OT services

35
Q

Crisis period in OT due to Reductionism Movement

A

Reductionism Movement:
Medical field stopped viewing persons holistically
Focus of medicine shifted to looking at biophysics/biochemistry as the cause of disease (internal factors) instead of looking at how external factors contributed to disease
Pressure by medical field for OT to adopt medical model
Focus on remediating internal disease factors continues today in medical field

36
Q

Reductionist movement & ot

A

New OT Paradigm:
Man no longer seen as a “whole” person

Limited study of occupation

Shift from occupation focused to science focused

37
Q

kinesiology

A 
Mobilization, coordination, strengthening, endurance training
ADL as method of improving independence
Adaptive equipment
Splinting
Pre-vocational training
38
Q

Ot intervention

A

Goal of treatment for the mentally ill: manage abnormal behaviors, improve communication skills, reduce psychiatric symptoms

OT Intervention moved away from use of occupations (ADL, work) to educating clients in behavioral management strategies

Continued use of Arts& Crafts to decrease depression, anger, and increase pleasure in life

39
Q

Rehabilitation movement

A

Veterans Hospitals (VAs): Added physical rehab OT along with mental health OT
Women served in army (WWII) in women’s specialist corps
After WWII, some OTs became commissioned officers in Army

40
Q

Reductionism vs. holistic

A

CRISIS continues today in OT Profession:
Lack of professional identity
No unifying theory of occupation
OT not promoting its’ unique value to clients, public and insurance companies

41
Q

Impact of federal legislation on OT

A

Reduced number of therapy visits
Decreased reimbursement for OT services
Increased co-pays
Increased documentation requirements
Electronic medical record documentation
“Push” for use of evidence-based treatment
Shift in provision of health care from inpatient settings to to skilled nursing/outpatient/home health settings

42
Q

Centennial vision

A

We envision that occupational therapy is a powerful, widely recognized, science-driven, and evidence-based profession with a globally connected and diverse workforce meeting society’s occupational needs.”

43
Q

Vision 2025

A

Builds on Centennial Vision through updating of profession’s strategic plan
Two year planning process; presented at AOTA Conference in April, 2016
Based on OT’s “Distinct Value”

44
Q

Why did AOTA shift focus in vision 2025?

A

Demand for OT practitioners expected to increase until 2025
Increased focus on cost, quality, and outcomes in health care delivery
Transmit knowledge more quickly to practitioners
Prepare a new generation of leaders
Focus on systems change, quality improvement, and population health
New insurance payment models and systems

45
Q

Main Tenets: of 2025 vision

A

Accessible:Occupational therapy provides culturally responsive and customized services
Collaborative:Occupational therapy excels in working with clients and within systems to produce effective outcomes
Effective:Occupational therapy is evidence-based, client-centered, and cost-effective
Leaders:Occupational therapy is influential in changing policies, environments, and complex systems

46
Q

Centennial vision vs. vision 2025

A

Not focused on being “scientific” but on the health and well-being of persons and groups of persons

Broader definition of health/provision of services in non-traditional settings

Replaces term “occupation” with “participation in everyday activities”

47
Q

Aging in Place

A

Home Safety

Fall Prevention

Socialization

48
Q

Driver Assessment/Training

A

Evaluation (all ages)

Training

Adaptive Driving
Equipment

Certification for OT practitioners in Driving Rehab (Certified Driving Rehab Specialist)

49
Q

Technology/Assistive Devices

A 
Adaptive equipment
Communication
Computer access
Daily living
Education and learning
Reaction and leisure
Seating and positioning
Vision and reading
Prosthetics and orthotics
50
Q

Ergonomic Consulting

A

Seating and positioning in work settings

Lifting

Injury prevention

Intro to OT (1 decks)

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