Week 2 Flashcards
what are the four qi or temperature characteristics (5 designations)
- hot 2. cold 3. warm 4. cool 5. neutral
what are the additional qi or temperature designations
hot, warm, slightly warm, neutral, slightly cold, cool, cold
what are the five tastes and cooresponding functions
acrid: disperses and moves; sweet: tonify, harmonize and are sometimes thought to moisten; bitter: drain and dry; sour: atringent and prevent or reverse the abnormal leakage of fluids and energy; salty: purge and soften
what are the three additional tastes and their cooresponding functions
bland: (no taste), leach out dampness and promote urination; aromatic: ability to penetrate through turbidity and revive a particular function; astringent: has the ability to prevent the leakage of fluids
ascription of actions to taste
sourness enters the liver, bittnerness enters the ehart, sweetness enters the spleen, acridity (spicy/pungent) enters the lungs, saltiness enters the kidneys
what is the direction of acrid herbs
upward and out
what flavor herb involves moving and circulating
acrid/pungent/spicy
which flavor herb has a diuretic influence
bland
what flavor herb can normalize the function of ST and SP
sweet
what flavor herb dries damp
bitter
what flavor herb enters at the lung
acrid/pungent/spicy
which flavor herb can be used to promote urination
bland
what flavor herb can be a great qi regulator and helps with dampness or pain?
acrid/pungent/spicy
what flavor herb softens hardness
salty
which flavor her can astringe, hold and contract
sour
what flavor herb tonifies, nourishes and strengthens
sweet
which flavor herb purges downwards for constipation
salty
what flavor herb enters at the kidney
salty
what flavor herb may have a sedating effect
bitter
which flavor herb can be used to leech out dampness
bland
which flavor herb can stop movement and can move backwards
sour
which flavor herb includes both sour and sweet
astringent
what flavor herb is harmonizing and moderating (not strong and intense)
sweet
all sea weeds and animal products from from this flavor herb
salty
what flavor herb relieves tension (stomachache, spasms, and pain)
sweet
which flavor herb retains and binds
astringent
which flavor herb has a downward direction, but milder than bitter or salty
bland
which flavor herb contains fluids and qi
sour
which flavor herb awakens and revives (digestive system)
aromatic
what flavor herb enters the spleen
sweet
which flavor herb enters at the liver
sour
which flavor herb is the heaviest substance aside from minerals
salty
which flavor herb is represented in a non-ripe persimmon, inner lining of a pomegranate or some red wines
astringent
which flavor herb is rich, sticky, and thick
sweet
which flavor herb moves in all directions
aromatic
which flavor herb may block qi and create stagnation leading to dampness
sweet
which flavor herb feels like a coat on the tongue and sucking feeling
astringent
which flavor herb heads downwards and involves draining and purging (promote bowel movement; heat fire; descend qi for vomiting, nausea, belching)
bitter
which flavor herb is stronger than acrid (which moves up and out
aromatic
which herb can be used to improve appetite
sour
the charring of herbs is related to which flabor
astringent
which flavor herb enters the heart
bitter
which flavor herb penetrates through turbidity (if closed or blocked)
aromatic
which flavor herb stabilize and bind
sour
which flavor herb should we caution the holding of a trapped pathogen
astringent
which flavor herb eliminates damp (rheumatism)
aromatic
what two taste combinations can produce yang
acrid/pungent & sweet
what two taste combinations can produce yin
sour and sweet
what are the 8 parameters of diagnosis
yin yang, cold hot, interior exterior, deficiency excess
what are the hand and foot tai yang channels
hand tai yang SI; foot tai yang UB
what are the hand and foot shao yang channels
hand shao yang SJ; foot shao yang GB
what are the hand and foot yang ming channels
hand yang ming LI; foot yang ming ST
what are the hand and foot tai yin channels
hand tai yin LU; foot tai yin SP
what are the hand and foot shao yin channels
hand shao yin HT; foot shao yin KD
what are the hand and foot jue yin channels
hand jue yin PC; foot jue yin LV
what are the four levels of disease (exterior to interior)
wei, qi, ying, xue
what are the directional properties of herbs
floating and ascending / sinking and lowering
how are floating and ascending herbs used to treat
expel superficial evils, ascend yang, expel wind and cold, induce vomiting, open the orfices, promote eruptions, warm yang
how are sinking and lowering herbs used to treat
clear heat, purging, promoting urination, calming the mind, descending yang, stop vomiting, stop cough and asthma, astringent, promote digestion
functions vs indications
fxn: promote sweat, ind: flushed face, fever. Fxn: downbear rebellious qi (counterflow), ind: vomiting, cough
what are the 8 therapeutic methods
- promote sweating 2. induce vomiting 3. purge 4. harmonize 5. warm 6. clear 7. tonify 8. reduce
how can pathogens enter the body
via skin and 9 orfices
how can pathogens be eliminated from the body
via skin, mouth, bowels, urine
what is the correct way to determine a herbal formula
symptom, diagnosis, treatment principle, prescription
when should one not use cooling herbs
when there is a pathogenic cold
when should one not clear heat
when there is a cold condition
when should one not use herbs that drain damp
when there is dryness
when should one not use herbs that are astringing and binding
when a patient needs purging
when should one use caution when dealing with tonifying herbs or astringing herbs
when there is an exterior pathogen present
dosage
the amount of drugs/herbs to be used; the daily amount of each drug/herb for an adult; the relative amount of different drugs/herbs in a recipe/formula; refers to use in a decoction; refers to dry, prepared herbs
what is the classical measurement for herbal dosages
Qian
what is the modern measurement for herbal dosages
grams
what is the most common dosage range
3-12 grams
Qian to grams
1 Qian equals ~3 grams
what kind of substances can be prescribed in larger doses
hard, heavy, moderate and bland substances; like minerals and shells
what kind of substances can be prescribed in smaller doses
light, toxic and strongly-flavored substances; flowers, leaves and aromatic herbs
dosage according to severity
the more severe, the higher the dosage
what are some other things to consider when thinking about herbal dosage
constitution of the patient and the patient’s stomach qi
mutual accentuation
comination of 2 substances with similar functions to accentuate their therapeutic actions
mutual enhancement
the combination of 2 or more substances with different actions in which one of the substances enhances the effect of the other in a specific clinical situation
mutual counteraction
a combination in which the toxicity or side efefcts of one substance are reduced or eliminated by another substance
mutual suppression
converse of mutual counteraction in that here one substance also reduces the undesireable side effects of another
mutual antagonism
the ability of 2 substances to minimize or neutralize each other’s positive effects
mutual incompatibility
occurs when the combinatio of 2 substances gives rise to side effects or toxicity which would not be caused by either substance when used alone
single effect
the use of one medicinal substance to treat a patient
chief
king, sovereign, or lord; the substance that provides the main therapeutic thrust of the prescription
deputies
ministers or associates; enhance or assist the therapeutic actions of the cheifs
assistants
adjutants; provide one or more of the following functions: treat accompanying symptoms; moderate harshness or toxicity of the primary substances; assist the chief and deputies in accomplishing their main objective; or provide assistance from another therapeutic direction
envoy
messenger, couriers; either guide the other medicines to a specific channel or organ, or exert a harmonizing influence
gong bu
simultaneous attack and reinforcement. Often seen in patterns of excess with underlying deficiency
hong
red
da huang
big yellow
chi shao
bright red peony
bai shao
white peony
qing pi
blue green peel
zhu
dull red
jin
gold
yin
silver
hong hua
red flower
chi
bright red
lu dou
green beans
jin yin hua
gold/silver flower
zhu sha
dull red sand
zi cao gen
purple herb root
yin guo ye
silver friut leaf
huang
yellow
hei zao
black dates
bai
white
qing
blue-green
wu
black
lu
green
zi
purple
hei
black
