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Sem 4 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define peritoneum

A

a double-layered, serous membrane which lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and invests the viscera

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2
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

a double layer of peritoneum that connects the liver and the lesser curvature of the stomach

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3
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

a double layer of peritoneum that connects the greater curvature of the stomach with the transverse colon

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4
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

a double layer of peritoneum that connects an intraperitoneal organ with the body wall

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5
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

the fluid-filled potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneums

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6
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum?

A

the serous membrane that covers the external surfaces of the abdominal surfaces

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7
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum?

A

the serous membrane that lies the inner surface of the body wall

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8
Q

What is a retroperitoneal organ?

A

An organ that is pushed up against the body wall and is only partially covered by peritoneum

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9
Q

What is an intraperitoneal organ?

A

an organ that is suspended from the body wall by a mesentery

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10
Q

What is the greater sac?

A

the largest portion of the peritoneal cavity- it comprises the whole of the peritoneal cavity aside from the lesser sac- it is divided into the supracolic and infracolic compartments

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11
Q

What is the lesser sac?

A

the smallest portion of the peritoneal cavity which lies posterior to the lesser omentum and stomach

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12
Q

What is the infracolic compartment?

A

part of the peritoneal cavity inferior to the transverse mesocolon

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13
Q

What does the infracolic compartment contain?

A

small intestine, ascending and descending colon

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14
Q

What is the supracolic compartment?

A

part of the peritoneal cavity superior to the transverse mesocolon

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15
Q

What does the supracolic compartment contain?

A

stomach, liver and spleen

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16
Q

How are the supracolic and infracolic compartments connected?

A

By the paracolic gutters

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17
Q

Where do the paracolic gutters lie?

A

these lie between the posterolateral abdominal wall and the lateral aspect of the ascending or descending colon

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18
Q

What is the hepatorenal recess?

A

the part of the peritoneal cavity which lies between the diaphragm and liver

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19
Q

Where does the lesser sac communicate with the greater sac?

A

At the epiploic (omental) foramen

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20
Q

What is the subphrenic space?

A

the part of the peritoneal cavity which lies between the diaphragm and the liver

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21
Q

What are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?

A

anterior- hepatoduodenal ligament
superior- liver
inferior- superior part of duodenum
posterior- inferior vena cava

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22
Q

What is the hepatoduodenal ligament formed from?

A

the free border of the lesser omentum

23
Q

Which structures pass through the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

portal triad: hepatic artery, portal vein and common bile duct

24
Q

What are the three types of umbilibal folds?

A
  • 1 median umbilical fold
  • 2 medial umbilical folds
  • 2 lateral umbilical folds
25
Q

What is the median umbilical fold a remnant of?

A

the foetal urachus

26
Q

What are the medial umbilical folds remnants of?

A

the umbilical arteries

27
Q

What do the lateral umbilical folds overlie?

A

inferior epigastric arteries

28
Q

How can the GI tract be divided?

A

into the foregut, midgut and hindgut

29
Q

Where does the foregut run from?

A

the lower part of the oesophagus to the second part of the duodenum

30
Q

What structures does the foregut contain?

A

liver, duodenum proximal to major papilla, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach

31
Q

Where does the midgut run from?

A

from the second part of the duodenum to the distal third of the transverse colon

32
Q

What structures does the midgut contain?

A

part of the pancreas, ileum, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon, duodenum distal to major papilla, hepatic flexure, caecum, jejenum, appendix, ascending colon

33
Q

Where does the hindgut extend from?

A

the distal third of the transverse colon to the proximal part of the anus

34
Q

What structures does the hindgut contain?

A

proximal part of anus, sigmoid colon, distal 1/3 of transverse colon, rectum, splenic flexure, descending colon

35
Q

Blood supply to foregut:

A

coeliac trunk

36
Q

Blood supply to midgut:

A

superior mesenteric artery

37
Q

Blood supply to hindgut:

A

inferior mesenteric artery

38
Q

Lymph drainage of each section of the gut corresponds to the names of arteries- what are the names of the nodes?

A

foregut- coeliac nodes
midgut- superior mesenteric nodes
hindgut- inferior mesenteric nodes

39
Q

Where do the three main lymph nodes drain into?

A

intestinal lymph trunk

40
Q

Where does the intestinal lymph trunk empty into?

A

the cysterna chyli (located at the end of the thoracic duct)

41
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain into the venous system?

A

junction between left subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

42
Q

Autonomic innervation of the foregut:

A

preganglionic fibres originate at T5-T9; greater splanchnic nerve; coeliac ganglion

43
Q

Autonomic innervation of the midgut:

A

preganglionic fibres originate at T10-T11; lesser splanchnic nerve; superior mesenteric ganglion

44
Q

Autonomic innervation of the hindgut:

A

preganglionic fibres originate at T12-L1; lumbar splanchnic nerve; inferior mesenteric ganglion

45
Q

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation of the gut?

A

vagus nerve

46
Q

Which regional pains are associated with the structures of the gut?

A

foregut- epigastric region
midgut- umbilical region
hindgut- hypogastric region

47
Q

What are the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system?

A

myenteric plexuses and submucosal plexuses

48
Q

Where are the myenteric plexuses located?

A

Between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa

49
Q

What is the myenteric plexus responsible for?

A

gastrointestinal motility

50
Q

What is the submucosal plexus responsible for?

A

senses environmental changes in the lumen and regulates GI blood flow and epithelial cell function

51
Q

What is the role of the rugae in the stomach?

A

they expand to store food

52
Q

What do the chies cells of the stomach do?

A

produce pepsinogen

53
Q

Which branches of the coeliac trunk supply the stomach?

A

common hepatic artery, left gastric artery and the splenic artery

Sem 4 (2 decks)

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