Week 2 Flashcards
What is the Project Life Cycle?
The elements what make up a project in more detail.
What are the Project Parties?
The key players in all engineering projects.
What does the Project Life Cycle consist of?
Demand –> Intial proposal –> Feasibility Study –> Design –> Contracts –> Construction –> Test and Comissioning –> Operation and Maintenance –> Decommisioning –> Experience and Records (–> Initial Proposal)
Explain “demand” in more detail.
A project will always ahve a start and an endpoint. The pre-project phase will commence with a demand or need for a product or solution to overcome a particular problem.
Explain “initial Proposal” in more detail.
A promoter will recognise a need and make an initial proposal. This will be formalised into a Project Breif. The purpose is:
- State the objectives, aims and priorities of the promoter.
- Identify how resources are to be deployed.
- Provide and outline budget and programme for the project.
Explain “Feasability Study” in more detail.
Feasibility studies concludes whether or not to go ahead with the project or to abandon it. Should also detail the reasons for the decisions. Has several stages: -Determining the extent of the demand. -Scope of investigations. -Financial Objectives. -Service Objectives. -Statutory approvals. -Information. -Public Consultation. -Recommended Design (Vital that the correct design be chosen at this stage).
Explain “Design” in more detail.
Designers, during the design stage, have the following aims:
- Provide sufficient information to ensure the promoters objectives are satisfied.
- Obtain necessary approvals and consents.
- Provide information for the next stages in the project (Drawings, specification for construction, testing and commissioning).
Explain “Contacts” in more detail.
A contract is a formal agreement approved by the two or more parties that is enforceable by law.
A project implementation if never undertaken without there being a contract of some form.
A construction contract commits a contractor to construct the works and the promoter to pay for it.
The form of contract (or conditions of contract) is a legal document that sets out the exact terms of the contract and details the liabilities and obligations of each party.
Explain “Construction” in more detail.
The most expensive, labour intensive and active part of a project.
How the various parties interact at this stage depends on the type of contract used, but there are alot of common elements to this stage.
-Estimating
-Planning and programming
-Implementation (or construction) of the works (the built items).
-Risk; Health and Safety.
-Temporary works.
-Cost monitoring.
-Execution of contract.
-Claims and disputes
Explain “Testing and Commissioning” in more detail.
Can be defined as the transition from the construction phase to the occupation by its eventual users.
The owners satisfies themselves that the project does indeed work in accordance with their requirement.
Usually a “Defects Correction Period”.
Explain “Operation and Maintenance” in more detail.
Extent varies according to the type of project. Operation company (may be promoter) may contract out Operation and maintenance. Maintenance agreements: -Operation only. -Maintenance only. -Operation and Maintenance. -Operation, Maintenance and Training (Brings promoter's staff to a level of competence to operate the project on their own).
Explain “Decommissioning” in more detail.
Often the part of the project which gets the least amount of attention.
The promoter can be unwilling to commit time and money to a non-planned event, therefore there might not be an anticipated natural life of the constructed facility.
Some projects come to the end of their working life after a relatively short period of time (Nuclear power stations, oil facilities).
Explain “Experience and Records” in more detail.
Although a project may be unique it will be followed bt other projects with many similarities. It is therefore essential that experience and knowledge is passed to these future projects. Information on:
- Safety hazards.
- Implementation and design methodologies.
- Financial Management.
- Other risks.
What are the three main players in a project?
- Promoter
- Designer
- Contractor
( Also Project Management Team and Operating Company)
What is a Promoter?
The body of persons who have a need for a particular solution to a problem (Also called client, owner or employer).
The completed project is the eventual solution and will, hopefully, fulfill the need the promoter expects of it.
The aims of the promoter is:
- To obtain the best economic solution to a problem;
whilst
-Bearing the safety of all who work on the project in mind;
without
-Compromising unnecessarily the environment in which the project takes place.