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E ( Trunk ) > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the vertebral column do?

A

Protection of spinal cord (surrounded by bone)

Support of body weight (stability)

BUT also allows for some flexibility via articulations

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2
Q

Label

A
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3
Q

________ organises the the overlying ectoderm.

A

Notochord

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4
Q

What is Neurulation? (Basic definition)

A

Essentially, neurulation is the process of forming the neural tube (that will form the brain and spinal cord).

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5
Q

Explain what in the damn heck is going on here. (its a pretty solid answer)

A

Alright so this process is known as Neurulation and it is the formation of the neural tube. This will be organised by the notochord which will induce the ectoderm to thicken causing formation of the neural plate (neuroectoderm). This rapid growth causes buckling of the neuroectoderm creating the neural groove. This groove will deepen (within the boundaries of the neural fold) to form the neural tube. The neural tube will detach from the ectoderm (that will reseal itself) and will the tube will situate itself dorsal to the notohord and medial to the paraxial mesoderm.

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6
Q

The notochord helps to induce cells of the somite to become regionalised. What are the 4 main regions and what will they become?

A

Sclerotome:

  • Axial skeleton + cartilage (Vertebra, Ribcage + sternum)

Syndetome:

  • Ligaments and tendons

Myotome:

  • Muscles of the back and the body wall

Dermatome:

  • Dermis of the skin
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7
Q

Label numbers 1-8

A
  1. Neural Crest
  2. Dorsal Medial lip
  3. Myotome
  4. Sclerotome
  5. Notochord
  6. Syndetome
  7. Dermomyotome
  8. Dorsal Ectoderm
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8
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

Spinous Process

Superior View

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9
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

LEFT pedicle

Superior

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10
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

Vertebral Body

Superior

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11
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar
LEFT transverse process

Superior

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12
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

RIGHT lamina

Superior

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13
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

RIGHT superior articular process

Superior

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14
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

LEFT Inferior articular process

Inferior

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15
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

RIGHT Lamina

Inferior

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16
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted section and name what view the image is from. What does this protect?

A

Lumbar

Vertebral Arch (neural arch)

Superior

Protects the spinal cord

17
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from. What does this part of the vertebrae articulate with and what is the joint called?

A

Lumbar

LEFT Superior articular facet

Superior

Articulate with correscponding inferior articular facets of the vertebrae above.

Joint called: Zygopophysial Joint

18
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from. What does this part of the vertebrae articulate with and what is the joint called?

A

Lumbar

RIGHT inferior articulating facet

Inferior

Articulate with corresponding superior articulating facet of the vertebrae below.

Joint called: Zygopophysial Joint

19
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

RIGHT inferior Vertebral notch

Inferior

20
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

RIGHT superior vertebral notch

Superior

21
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

LEFT mamillary process

Superior

22
Q

Which group of vertbrae is this likely from? Label the highlighted part and name what view the image is from.

A

Lumbar

Vertebral foramen (in one vertebrae)

Vertebral canal (when vertebrae are grouped together)

Superior

23
Q

Which vertebrae is this? Which view is it from?

A

Atlas/C1

Superior

24
Q

Which group of vertebrae is this from. Which view is it from?

A

Cervical vertebrae (C3)

Superior

25
Q

Which group of vertebrae is this from. Which view is it from?

A

Thoracic (T3)

Superior

26
Q

Which group of vertebrae is this from. Which view is it from?

A

Thoracic (T11)

Superior

27
Q

Which group of vertebrae is this from. Which view is it from?

A

Lumbar (L3)

Superior

28
Q

Name the destined fate of the costal element of a developing vertebra for the thoracic region?

A

Ribs

29
Q

Name the destined fate of the transverse element of a developing vertebra for the thoracic region?

A

The transverse process

30
Q

State the type of curvature present (primary or secondary) in the following:

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

A

Cervical: Secondary

Thoracic: Primary

Lumbar: Secondary

Sacral: Primary

31
Q

What is the other name for primary curves? which way do they concave? and what regions are classified as having primary curves?

A

Kyphosis curves

Concave anteriorly

In thoracic and Sacral regions

32
Q

What is the other name for secondary curves? which way do they concave? and what regions are classified as having secondary curves?

A

Lordosis curves

Concave posteriorly

In Cervical and Lumbar regions

33
Q

What movements are permitted in the cervical region, and what are the anatomical feature/s that restrict other movements?

A

Flexion and extension. However between C1 and C2 rotation is possible. Rotation is not possible for C3 to C6 because of the uncinate processes which restrict the rotational cervical movement.

34
Q

Name 3 differences between a typical cervical vertebrae and C7?

A
  1. C7 has small transverse foramina
  2. Spinous process is not bifid like the other cervical vertebrae
  3. No anterior or posterior transverse tubercles (instead just a single transverse process

E ( Trunk ) (13 decks)

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