Week 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 groups of muscles in the shoulder region?
A
- axioscapular and axioclavicular
- scapulohumeral
- axiohumeral
2
Q
What are the functions of the axioscapular and axioclavicular muscles?
A
- move and stabilise the pectoral girdle
- position the scapula and the clavicle and will result in movement of the Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) and the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ).
3
Q
What are the 3 anterior muscles of the axioscapular and axioclaviciular region?
A
- subclavius
- Pectoralis Minor
- Serratus anterior
4
Q
What are the 5 posterior muscles in the axioscapular and axioclavicular region?
A
- upper trapezius
- middle trapezius
- levator scapulae
- rhomboid minor
- rhomboid major
5
Q
Subclavius movements:
A
- clavicular depression
6
Q
Pectoralis minor movements:
A
- scapular abduction
7
Q
serratus anterior movements:
A
- scapular abduction
- scapular upwards rotation
- scapular stabiliser
8
Q
Upper trapezius movements:
A
- scapular elevation
- scapular adduction
- scapular upward rotation
9
Q
Middle trapezius movements:
A
- scapular adduction
- scapular upwards rotation
10
Q
Lower trapezius movements:
A
- scapular depression
- scapular adduction
- scapular upwards rotation
11
Q
levator scapulae movements:
A
- scapular elevation
- scapular downwards rotation
12
Q
Rhomboid minor movements:
A
- scapular elevation
- scapular adduction
- scapular downwards rotation
13
Q
Rhomboid major movements:
A
- scapular elevation
- scapular adduction
- scapular downwards rotation
14
Q
What are muscle force couples?
A
- equal and opposite forces action on two different points of a ridged body
15
Q
Upper trapezius vs Lower trapezius
A
- Upper trapezius elevation and lower trapezius depression cancel out and produce scapular adduction and upwards rotation
16
Q
What is medial winging?
A
the medial boarder of the scapula protrudes due to the muscles bring too weal and thus having a limited ability to stabilise the scapula
muscle weakness = serratus anterior
nerve dysfunction = long thoracic nerve
17
Q
What are the 7 scapulohumeral muscles?
A
- deltoid
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- teres major
- subscapularis
- coracobrachialis
18
Q
Deltoid movements:
A
- anterior deltoid: flexion, abductionand horizontal flexion
- middle deltoid: abduction
- posterior deltoid: extension, horizontal extension
19
Q
supraspinatus movements:
A
- abduction
20
Q
infraspinatus movements:
A
- external rotation
21
Q
teres minor movements:
A
- external rotation
22
Q
subscapularis movements:
A
- internal rotation
23
Q
teres major movements:
A
- extension and internal rotation
24
Q
coracobrachialis movements:
A
- flexion and internal rotation
25
What happens due to the size of the head of humerus relative to the glenoid cavity?
- because HOH is 3-4 times the size of the glenoid cavity, movements cannot result from pure rolling of joint surface, there must also be glide/ translation.
26
What are passive structures?
glenohumeral ligaments, gravity and the labrum
27
What are active structures?
the muscles and the bony shapes
28
What are the 2 axiohumeral muscles?
1. pectorals major
| 2. latissimus dorsi
29
Pectoralis major movements:
- internal rotation (all fibres)
- flexion (clavicular portion)
- extension and adduction (sternal head)
30
Latissimus dorsi movements:
- extension
- adduction
- internal rotation
31
What travels through the costoclavicular space?
1. subclavian artery
2. axially artery
3. brachial
32
What are the 3 pathways to the scapula area and arm?
1. supra scapular foramen
2. quadrangular space
3. triangular interval
33
What travels through the supra scapular foramen?
1. supra scapular artery
| 2. supra scapula nerve
34
What travels through the quadrangular space?
1. axially nerve
| 2. posterior circumflex humeral artery
35
what travels through the triangular interval?
1. radial nerve
| 2. brachial artery
36
What is the ventral Rami of the brachial plexus?
C5-T1 ventral rami
37
What forms the superior trunk?
C5 and C6
38
What forms the middle trunk?
C7
39
What forms the inferior trunk?
C8, and T1
40
What are the 4 nerves in the supraclavicular branches?
1. dorsal scapular nerve
2. long thoracic nerve
3. supra scapular nerve
4. subclavian nerve
41
Dorsal scapular nerve innervated muscles:
C5
- levator scapulae
- rhomboids
42
Long thoracic nerve innervated muscles:
C5, C6, C7
| - serratus anterior
43
Suprascapular nerve innervated muscles:
C5, C6
- Supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
44
What are the 9 nerve infraclavicular branches?
1. axially
2. radial
3. musculocutaneous
4. median
5. ulnar
6. upper sub scapular
7. lower subscapular
8. thoracodorsal
9. medial pectoral
45
Axillary nerve innervated muscles:
C5, C6
- deltoid
- teres minor
46
Radial nerve innervated muscles:
C5, C6, C7, C8
| - all posterior arm and forearm
47
Musculocutaneous nerve innervated muscles:
C5, C6, C7.
- coracobrachialis
- biceps brachial
- brachialis
48
Median nerve innervated muscles:
C6-T1
- anterior forearm
- intrinsic thenar muscles
49
Ulnar nerve innervated muscles:
C8, T1
| - flexor carpi ulnas
50
Upper subscapularis innervated muscles:
C5, C6
| - subscapularis
51
Lower subscapularis innervated muscles:
C5, C6
| - subscapularis and teres major
52
Thoracodorsal innervated muscles:
C6, C7, C8
| - latissimus dorsi
53
Medial pectoral nerve innervated muscles:
- pectorals major and minor
54
Long thoracic nerve entrapment
- repetitive hyperabduction which leads to weakness in serratus anterior and thus medial scapular winging
55
Suprscapular nerve entrapment
- occurs at the supra scapular notch and causes weakness in Supraspinatus and infraspinatus
56
What nerve passes through the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve
57
What nerve passes through the triangular interval?
Radial nerve
