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Child Health Y2 JC > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the questions to ask adolescences to see about their general health?

A

ASS HEEDS

Activities (peers, physical activity)
Sex
Suicidality

Home (life and relationships)
Education/ employment
Eating (body image)
Drugs
Safety (risk taking behaviour/ criminality)
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2
Q

What is competence?

A

A young person who is able to understand simple terms and the nature, purpose and necessity for proposed treatment as well as the risks, benefits, and effects and alternative to non treatment

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3
Q

What are some of the common causes of jaundice in a neonate (4 weeks)

A 
Urinary tract infection 
Hypothyroidism 
Galactosaemia
Breast milk jaundice
Biliary atresia
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4
Q

What are some of the common causes of vomiting in the neonate (4 wks)

A 
Reflux
Pyloric stenosis (projectile vomit)
Sepsis
Cow milk protein intolerance
Duodenal atresia (congenital absence/ obstruction of the duodenum
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5
Q

What virus causes croup?

A

Parainfluenza

RSV

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6
Q

What are the normal respiratory rates for a <1yr old

A

30-40breaths per minute

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7
Q

What are the normal respiratory rates for a 1-2yrs old

A

25-35 breaths per minute

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8
Q

What are the normal respiratory rates for a 2-5 yr old

A

25-30 breaths per minute

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9
Q

What are the normal respiratory rates for a 5-12 year old

A

20-25 yrs

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10
Q

Child presents with florid rash on trunk and diffuse rash on face, and a white tongue. They also have a headache and swollen lymph nodes. Likely diagnosis?

A

Scarlet fever

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11
Q

What are someof the questions to ask a parent about their baby who is unwell (not yet talking)

A 
History of symptoms 
Are they eating/ drinking
Nappies still wet/ passing stool
Rash
Relieving factors
PMG
Medication/allergies
IMMUNISATION HISTORY 
Ingested anything
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12
Q

What are some of the red flags in babies?

A

<3 months with fever, unresponsive, weak/high pitched cry, grunting

SP02 <90%, severe tachypnoea/ tachycardia/ bradycardia
No wet nappies/ not passed uring in 18hrs
Non-blanching rash or mottled/ashen/ cyanotic

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13
Q

What are some amber flags in babies?

A 
Parent concerned
Abnormal response to social cues/ not smiling
Reduced actiity
Very sleepy 
Behaviour abnormal 
Moderate tachypnoea
Sp02 <91% or nasal flaring
Moderate tachycardia
Cap refil >3s
Reduced urine output
Pale or flushed
Leg pain or cold extremitis
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14
Q

At 2 months what should you be immunised against?

A 
Diptheria
Pertusis
Tetanus
Haemophilus influenza
Polio
Meningococcal type B
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15
Q

By 3 months what should you have been immunised against?

A 
Diptheria, 
Vtetanus, 
pertussis, 
polio, 
HIf, 
rotavirus, 
meningococcal type B and C
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16
Q

At what age should you have been imunised for mumps, measles and rubella?

A

12 and 13 months

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17
Q

What site aree most immunisations given in babies?

A

Thigh

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18
Q

What is the relationship between BP and age?

A

It starts low then as you get older it gets higher

19
Q

What is the relationship between age and heart rate/ respiratory rate

A

Starts high then gets lower with age

20
Q

What is the normal range of HR, RR and systolic BP for a <1yr old

A

110-160 HR
30-40 RR
70-90 BP

21
Q

What is the normal range of HR, RR and systolic BP for a 1-2 old

A

RR 25-35
HR 100-150
Bp 80-95

22
Q

Young child presents with struggle feeding and wheeze. On examination he has wide spread lung crackles. What is te likely diagnosis?

A

Bronchiolitis

23
Q

Baby presents with difficulty breathing and stridor, it is worse at night and on examination the child has intercostal recession. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Stridor indicates upper airway issue so likely to be croup

Also could be bacterial infection, epiglottitis (emergency), inhaled foreign body

24
Q

Child presents with fever, non blanching rash wide spread, mom describes him as just not right and he had a seizure but mom doesnt know for how long for. Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Meningitis

Antibiotics (cephalosporins cefataxime)

25
Q

What is a febrile seizure

A

A seizure occuring commonly in the 5-6 month olds usually from high fever. These usually dont last more than 5 minutes. Dont treat these with medication as side effects worse than the seizure

26
Q

What is reflex anoxic seizures?

A

Where have a seizure after some kind of trauma, lasts <1 minute then should be fine afterwards

27
Q

When would you order a skeletal survey

A

When suspect NAI

28
Q

What are some signs in a child that show they are working hard to breath?

A 
Subcostal recession
Tracheal tug
Accessory muscle use
Grunting
Nasal flaring
Head bobbinh
Additional noises
29
Q

6 week child presents with projectile vomiiting milk, mom mentions he has had no wet nappies in 24 hrs. What is the likely diagnosis/ treatment?

A

Pyloric stenosis

Pyloromyotomy

30
Q

6 month old baby presents with vomiting, on examination they have a sausage like mass in the abdomen. Mom mentions in his nappy she found some kind of ‘red currant jelly looking thing’. You do an ultrasound which shows a target sign. What is the likley diagnosis and treatment?

A

Intussuseption

Radiological guidance and insert probe to blow air to unfold the bowel

31
Q

6 year old presents with vomiting, abdominal pain that was aggravated by the bumps on the road on the way to hospital. He also has a mild fever. He cannot jump due to the pain. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Appendicitis, peritonitis causes the dislike for the bumps in the road

32
Q

Young baby is vomiting green, what diagnosis must you exclude before proceeding?

A

Malrotation of the bowel

Green from tvomiting the contents of the gallbladder/ pancreas into the duodenum

33
Q

Boy presents with blue spots on his testicles that are sore. What could this be?

A

Testicular torsion (though would expect severe pain)
Inflammed epidysemis
Torsion of the hydatid

34
Q

If one of the testis isnt in the scrotum due to not fully descended, why must they be removed from the abdomen ?

A

To avoid tumour formation, and be able to check them

35
Q

What is BXO ?

A

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

Progressive disease of the penis that can cause urethral stenosis and phimosis (inability to pull foreskin over head of penis) and reduced sexual function

36
Q

What is the mutation involved with digeorge syndrome?

A

Missing part chromosome 22

37
Q

What is the mutation involved with kabuki makeup syndrome

A

MLL2

38
Q

What is considered normal genetics?

A

The commonest form of the gene sequence

39
Q

Under what genetic circumstance would array genomic hybridisation testing be useless?

A

When there is a balanced chromosome translocation

40
Q

What does array genomic hybridisation look at?

A

Chunks of genes

41
Q

What does next generation sequencing look at

A

Variations at the base level

42
Q

What is a denovo mutation? What test would you use to investigate?

A

Where neither parent has it but the child has it

Use next generation sequencing on both parents and child

43
Q

What is the factor that increases the likelyhood of denovo mutations?

A

The older the father

44
Q

How is pubertal development staged?

A

Using the tanner staging system

Males G1-G5 (genital) P1-P5 (pubic hair)

Females G1-G5 (genital) B1-B5 (breast)

Child Health Y2 JC (2 decks)

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