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My Child Health > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Susie was born preterm with some jaundice. When does this get classed as “prolonged”?

A

21 days

14 days if term baby

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2
Q

what anatomical defects in the GIT can cause vomiting in neonates? (2)

A
  1. pyloric stenosis

2. duodenal atresia

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3
Q

what can cause increased vomiting in neonates? (5)

A
  • reflux
  • cows milk allergy
  • sepsis!!
  • duodenal atresia
  • pyloric stenosis
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4
Q

what Medical causes of abdominal pain present in throughout childhood? (3)

A
  • gastroenteritis
  • UTI
  • constipation
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5
Q

what 2 surgical cause of abdominal pain presents in birth — 1 —- 2 — 5 ?

A

intussusception and volvulus?

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6
Q

surgical cause of abdo pain that only presents in under 1s?

A

incarcerated hernia

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7
Q

what age group gets appendicitis?

A

2 — 18 !!

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8
Q

3 surgical causes of abdominal pain in children 6–>18 ? (1 in boys only)

bonus : 1 in older girls?

A

appendicitis
testicular torsion
trauma

ovarian torsion?

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9
Q

what congenital disease can cause neonatal constipation?

A

Hirschprung disease. Congenital - nerves missing in the intestine.

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10
Q

what lymph nodes commonly get inflamed in children aged 2-11 ??

A

mesenteric

mesenteric lymphadenitis

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11
Q

what vasculitic disease can cause abdominal pain? aged 2-11

A

HSP - henloch schonlein purpura

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12
Q

who gets abdominal migraines?

A

children aged 6-11

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13
Q

5 causes of abdominal pain related to reproductive organs?

A 
ovarian torsion
dysmenorrhea
threatened miscarriage
PID - pelvic inflammatory disease
period pain 
ectopic pregnancy
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14
Q

describe symptoms of “slapped cheek”

Tx ?

A

circular red cheeks
Maculopapular rash on trunk
temperature
systemic upset

none - self limiting

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15
Q

what causes molluscum?

treatment?

A

pox virus

self limiting - can take 2 years tho

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16
Q

features of scarlett fever

  • face
  • oral
  • body
A

diffuse face rash - clear around the mouth tho!

“strawberry tongue”

Florid body rash - chest and back first. May be itchy.

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17
Q

what causes scarlett fever?

A

Streptococcal infection - strep throat / skin - leads to toxins causing a rash

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18
Q

treatment of scarlett fever?

A

penicillin

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19
Q

what causes Hand Foot and Mouth?

Tx ??

A

coxsackie virus

none - self limiting in 7-10 days

more severe form in adults

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20
Q

why is the “neutral” chin lift in ABCDE important in children?

A

they have a high anterior larynx so going to high could obstruct the airway

21
Q

Bronchiolitis

  • duration
  • cause
  • treatment
A

about 5 days
Viral - commonly RSV
supportive - oxygen / CPAP and NG feeding if needed

22
Q

Croup

  • common cause
  • treatment
A

Viral - eg parainfluenza

Steroids

23
Q

obvious signs of epiglottisis?

A

drooling and SOB

24
Q

What causes meningitis?

A

Acute inflammation of meninges due to viral / bacterial infection

strep / meningococcal/ E. Coli all possible

25
Q

what are meninges?

A

protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

26
Q

what causes encephalitis ?

A

viral - inflammation of the brain

27
Q

what investigations are done for seizures? (2)

A

lumbar puncture - CSF testing for infection

EEG for brain activity

28
Q

Febrile seizures…

  • duration
  • action
  • age
  • epilepsy risk
A
  • less than 5 mins
  • Stiff + limb twitching + unconscious
  • 6 monthts - 3 years
  • 1 in 50 chance of epilepsy
29
Q

what age group gets vasovagal syncope?

A

Teenagers

30
Q

what causes vasovagal syncope?

“neurocardiogenic”

A

sudden dilation of blood vessels (leg) causes pooling of blood, leading to slower HR and a drop in blood pressure

31
Q

what is a reflex anoxic seizure?

A

unexpected stimulus causes Vagal stimulation which stops the heart + breathing
stiff - jerk - lose colour
Young children who get a fright / severe pain

32
Q

what is paediatric sepsis 6

A
  1. high flow o2
  2. IV access for lactate + glucose + culture
  3. IV broad antibiotics
  4. Fluid resus ?
  5. Inotropic support? Adrenaline
  6. GET HELP
33
Q

what causes children to have a cardiac arrest?

A

secondary to respiratory failure –> respiratory arrest

34
Q

what are the guidelines for giving hypotensive children fluids?

A

20mls / kg of 0.9% saline

repeat if needed

by 3 x repeat (60mls) - alert PICU !

35
Q

what 2 words describe arm posture during seizures?

  • in at chest
  • at sides?
A

chest = decorticate

sides = decerebrate (worse)

36
Q

pyloric stenosis presentation

  • age
  • on examination
  • treatment
A

6 weeks
lumps on abdomen
PYLOROMYOTOMY

37
Q

“red currant jelly poop” equals….

A

INTISSUSCEPTION

38
Q

intussusception feels like:

A

a sausage mass in abdomen

39
Q

what looks like circular target rings or a pseudokidney on US?

A

intussusception

40
Q

what can commonly be used to treat intussusception instead of surgery?

A

pumping air up rectum into bowel - straightens it out.

41
Q

2 tricks of the trade with appendicitis history?

A

journey - “bumps on the road were painful”

“can you jump for me?”

42
Q

moderate temperature + sore tummy + ?? ==> appendicitis

A

vomitting

43
Q

what do you need to exclude with fairy liquid coloured bile?

A

MID GUT VOLVULUS

44
Q

what artery supplies the midgut ?

A

superior mesenteric

45
Q

what is twisted in testicular torsion?

A

the spermatic cord

46
Q

describe testicular torsion presentation in children

A

Sudden severe testicular pain
Higher up testicle
May have vomiting

47
Q

describe testicular torsion in new born babbas

A

no pain

scrotal discolouration

48
Q

swollen, transilluminate testes = 2 differentials??

A

Hydrocele

Testicular hernia

My Child Health (5 decks)

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