Week 2 Flashcards
Tinea manuum
dermatophyte infection of the hand
Tinea cruris
groin
Tinea unguium
nails
Tinea barbae
beard
Tinea corporis
body
Tinea pedis
foot
Tinea capitis
scalp
A semisolid emulsion of oil in water, contains preservative, cosmetically acceptable, non-greasy.
creams
Semisolid grease/oil, no preservative, less cosmetically acceptable, greasy.
ointments
liquid formulation
lotions
thickened aqueous solutions
gels
semisolids, stiff, greasy, difficult to apply, often used in cooling, drying, soothing bandages.
pastes
Investigation for shingles?
swab of lesion fluid sent in viral container for PCR.
Investigation for ring worm?
skin scrapping for microscopy and culture, and woods light.
Investigation for scabies?
skin scrapings for microscopy
Investigation for impetigo?
swab of lesion sent in bacterial container for microscopy and culture.
58 y/o man presents in July; blisters on dorsal hands, appeared over few months, crust over and heal leaving scarring.
Skin more fragile than usual, hair growth on cheeks.
porphyria cutanea tarda
Which enzyme deficiency causes porphyria cutanea tarda?
uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency (UROD)
participates in 5th step of heme synthesis pathway, and is active in the cytosol.
What causes the visible symptoms on sun exposed sites in PCT?
build up fo porphyrin compounds at surface of skin that have been oxidised by free radicals or sunlight.
the oxidised porphyrins inititate degranulation of dermal mast cells which release proteases which catabolise surrounding proteins.
strong association of PCT with which liver condition?
hepatitis C
‘Cafe au lait’ patches are found in which condition and how many are needed for diagnosis?
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1)
6 or more spots >15mm diameter before puberty = diagnostic feature of NF-1
A condition of sebaceous gland hyperplasia, but with normal sebum secretion…?
(presents with erythema…)
rosacea
Strains of HPV most commonly found in warts/verruca’s?
HPV types 1-4
Strains of HPV most commonly seen in genital warts?
types 6 and 11
Strains of HPV most commonly seen in cervical cancer?
types 16 and 18
Which topical therapy is likely to cause contact sensitisation?
creams>ointments since creams contain preservatives
Which topical treatment is best for hyperkeratotic or very dry areas?
ointments
Which topical therapy would be good for less severe dryness and wide areas, especially if hairy?
lotions
How many grams of topical therapy is needed for one all over application in an adult?
around 30g
What is occlusion and does it increase or decrease penetration of topical therapies?
When a topical treatment is applied and then trapped on, e.g. covered with a bandage - increases penetration.
Why are blisters in bullous pemphigoid durable?
they involve the full epidermal thickness - epidermis is fully detached from basement membrane (textbook blisters)
Topical steroids: lipophilic or lipophobic?
lipophilic - allows passive diffusion across plasma membrane where they combine with cell receptors and bind to steroids responsive elements in the DNA.
Name some factors affecting topical steroid absorption.
skin thickness skin state occlusion vehicle used drug concentration
What is the most appropriate 1st line treatment for rosacea?
topical metronidazole gel
if ineffective - oral tetracycline
Good plant sources of vitamin A?
green leafy veg
bright yellow/orange fruit and veg, e.g. mango and carrots
What is vitamin K essential for?
several blood coagulation factors
Deficiency in zinc caused by autosomal recessive trait causing lack of absorption.
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
infants develop diarrhoea, alopecia, dry/brittle hair, personal, facial and acral dermatitis
What is the role of vitamin A in the body?
vital for epithelial proliferation, keratinisation and development
vitamin A deficiency presentation?
keratotic follicular patches on thighs and upper arms; dry skin
Riboflavin aka. vitamin… essential cofactor of many metabolic reactions
b12
deficiency of which vitamin results in cheilosis of lips and angular stomatitis and a painful, red, dry tongue?
vitamin b12
Deficiency of which vitamin results in dermatitis of face, scalp, neck, shoulders, buttocks, perineum, and tongue inflammation (glossitis)?
vitamin b6
Vitamin B3 aka ….? deficiency results in Pellagra…?
Niacin
Pellagra: 4Ds - Dermatitis, Delirium, Diarrhoea, Death
Which vitamin is only found in foods of animal origin?
vitamin B12
Ascorbic acid =? deficiency?
vitamin C - hyperkeratosis around hair follicles, bent hairs, inflamed gums, poor wound healing.
