Week 2

Question 1

Tinea manuum

Answer 1

dermatophyte infection of the hand

Question 2

Tinea cruris

Answer 2

groin

Question 3

Tinea unguium

Answer 3

nails

Question 4

Tinea barbae

Answer 4

beard

Question 5

Tinea corporis

Answer 5

body

Question 6

Tinea pedis

Answer 6

foot

Question 7

Tinea capitis

Answer 7

scalp

Question 8

A semisolid emulsion of oil in water, contains preservative, cosmetically acceptable, non-greasy.

Answer 8

creams

Question 9

Semisolid grease/oil, no preservative, less cosmetically acceptable, greasy.

Answer 9

ointments

Question 10

liquid formulation

Answer 10

lotions

Question 11

thickened aqueous solutions

Answer 11

gels

Question 12

semisolids, stiff, greasy, difficult to apply, often used in cooling, drying, soothing bandages.

Answer 12

pastes

Question 13

Investigation for shingles?

Answer 13

swab of lesion fluid sent in viral container for PCR.

Question 14

Investigation for ring worm?

Answer 14

skin scrapping for microscopy and culture, and woods light.

Question 15

Investigation for scabies?

Answer 15

skin scrapings for microscopy

Question 16

Investigation for impetigo?

Answer 16

swab of lesion sent in bacterial container for microscopy and culture.

Question 17

58 y/o man presents in July; blisters on dorsal hands, appeared over few months, crust over and heal leaving scarring.
Skin more fragile than usual, hair growth on cheeks.

Answer 17

porphyria cutanea tarda

Question 18

Which enzyme deficiency causes porphyria cutanea tarda?

Answer 18

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase deficiency (UROD)

participates in 5th step of heme synthesis pathway, and is active in the cytosol.

Question 19

What causes the visible symptoms on sun exposed sites in PCT?

Answer 19

build up fo porphyrin compounds at surface of skin that have been oxidised by free radicals or sunlight.
the oxidised porphyrins inititate degranulation of dermal mast cells which release proteases which catabolise surrounding proteins.

Question 20

strong association of PCT with which liver condition?

Answer 20

hepatitis C

Question 21

‘Cafe au lait’ patches are found in which condition and how many are needed for diagnosis?

Answer 21

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1)

6 or more spots >15mm diameter before puberty = diagnostic feature of NF-1

Question 22

A condition of sebaceous gland hyperplasia, but with normal sebum secretion…?

(presents with erythema…)

Answer 22

rosacea

Question 23

Strains of HPV most commonly found in warts/verruca’s?

Answer 23

HPV types 1-4

Question 24

Strains of HPV most commonly seen in genital warts?

Answer 24

types 6 and 11

Question 25

Strains of HPV most commonly seen in cervical cancer?

Answer 25

types 16 and 18

Question 26

Which topical therapy is likely to cause contact sensitisation?

Answer 26

creams>ointments since creams contain preservatives

Question 27

Which topical treatment is best for hyperkeratotic or very dry areas?

Answer 27

ointments

Question 28

Which topical therapy would be good for less severe dryness and wide areas, especially if hairy?

Answer 28

lotions

Question 29

How many grams of topical therapy is needed for one all over application in an adult?

Answer 29

around 30g

Question 30

What is occlusion and does it increase or decrease penetration of topical therapies?

Answer 30

When a topical treatment is applied and then trapped on, e.g. covered with a bandage - increases penetration.

Question 31

Why are blisters in bullous pemphigoid durable?

Answer 31

they involve the full epidermal thickness - epidermis is fully detached from basement membrane (textbook blisters)

Question 32

Topical steroids: lipophilic or lipophobic?

Answer 32

lipophilic - allows passive diffusion across plasma membrane where they combine with cell receptors and bind to steroids responsive elements in the DNA.

Question 33

Name some factors affecting topical steroid absorption.

Answer 33

skin thickness
skin state
occlusion
vehicle used 
drug concentration

Question 34

What is the most appropriate 1st line treatment for rosacea?

Answer 34

topical metronidazole gel

if ineffective - oral tetracycline

Question 35

Good plant sources of vitamin A?

Answer 35

green leafy veg

bright yellow/orange fruit and veg, e.g. mango and carrots

Question 36

What is vitamin K essential for?

Answer 36

several blood coagulation factors

Question 37

Deficiency in zinc caused by autosomal recessive trait causing lack of absorption.

Answer 37

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

infants develop diarrhoea, alopecia, dry/brittle hair, personal, facial and acral dermatitis

Question 38

What is the role of vitamin A in the body?

Answer 38

vital for epithelial proliferation, keratinisation and development

Question 39

vitamin A deficiency presentation?

Answer 39

keratotic follicular patches on thighs and upper arms; dry skin

Question 40

Riboflavin aka. vitamin… essential cofactor of many metabolic reactions

Answer 40

b12

Question 41

deficiency of which vitamin results in cheilosis of lips and angular stomatitis and a painful, red, dry tongue?

Answer 41

vitamin b12

Question 42

Deficiency of which vitamin results in dermatitis of face, scalp, neck, shoulders, buttocks, perineum, and tongue inflammation (glossitis)?

Answer 42

vitamin b6

Question 43

Vitamin B3 aka ….? deficiency results in Pellagra…?

Answer 43

Niacin

Pellagra: 4Ds - Dermatitis, Delirium, Diarrhoea, Death

Question 44

Which vitamin is only found in foods of animal origin?

Answer 44

vitamin B12

Question 45

Ascorbic acid =? deficiency?

Answer 45

vitamin C - hyperkeratosis around hair follicles, bent hairs, inflamed gums, poor wound healing.