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Nurse 152 Intro to Pharmacology > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are OTC drugs?

A

Drugs that do not require a prescription by a HCP.

They are considered safe to use without HCP supervision

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2
Q

Why should the nurse check if the patient is taking OTC meds in a safe way?

A

Because some patients done realize that you can OD on OTC meds.

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3
Q

What is a common reason for a patient to be taking too much or too little of an OTC?

A

Because sometimes the labels are too small and hard to read

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4
Q

What is the nurses responsibility in regard to OTC labels?

A

The nurse needs to ensure a patient can read and understand the label

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5
Q

What 6 things need to be on an OTC label?

APUSDI

A
  • Active ingredients and amounts
  • Purpose
  • Uses/indications
  • Warnings
  • Dosage
  • inactive ingredients
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6
Q

What are “specific warnings” on an OTC label?

A

Activities to avoid/side effects

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7
Q

What needs to be included in the dosage instructions of a OTC med?

A

How much, When, and how often

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8
Q

What major disease can ibuprofen interact with?

A

CHF

  • it can increase fluid retention and worsen HF.
  • Decreases the effectiveness of antihypertensives
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9
Q

What major disease can ASA Asprin interact with?

A

Asthma

  • Can trigger an acute attack
  • Linked to Reye’s Syndrome dangerous welling of liver and brain after recovering from viral infection
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10
Q

What dangerous health issue can be caused or made worse by the use of NSAIDS?

A

Stomach Bleeding or any bleeding conditions

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11
Q

What is Drug Literature and Why is it important?

A

Drug literature is information given to a patient about a new/current drug that they are prescribed.
-it is an important resource because patients don’t always remember or retain information about a drug told to them in the office/hospital

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12
Q

What advise can you give a patient about educating themselves about a new drug?

A
  • Encourage them to research information beyond what you provide
  • Be sure they use creditable sources
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13
Q

What does the OTC safety acronym SAFER stand for?

A
  • Speak up
  • Ask questions
  • Find Facts
  • Evaluate your choices
  • Read Lables
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14
Q

What is CAM therapy?

A

Complementary and Alternative Therapy

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15
Q

What are CAM therapies used for?

A

To augment, supplement, or replace traditional medical therapies

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16
Q

CAM therapies include___

A
  • Herbal Med’s
  • Nutrition therapies
  • Botanicals
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17
Q

What was the dietary supplement health and education act of 1994?

A

A federal act that regulated labeling and manufacturing of dietary supplements

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18
Q

What are dietary supplements?

A

Products that are intended to:

  • supplement the diet
  • Contain one or more dietary ingredient
  • Intended to be taken PO
  • Labeled as a dietary supplement
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19
Q

What are the Label requirements put forth by the Dietary supplement health and education act of 1994?

A
  • Name of supplement
  • Amount
  • Nutrition label
  • Ingredient list
  • Name/place of manufacture
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20
Q

What is Cinnamon commonly used to treat?

A
  • Bronchitis
  • GI problems
  • Anorexia
  • DM
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21
Q

What is the recommended max dose of Cinnamon?

A

no more than 6g a week for no longer than 6 weeks

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22
Q

What is garlic commonly used for?

A
  • Lower cholesterol
  • lower BP
  • Reduce heart disease
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23
Q

What is ginger commonly used for?

A
  • Nausea
  • Motion sickness
  • Diarrhea
  • Pain from OA/RA
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24
Q

What is ginko commonly used for?

A
  • Asthma
  • Bronchitis
  • Fatigue
  • Tinnitus
  • Memory
  • Decreased claudication
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25
Q

What are some common side effects of ginko

A
  • HA
  • Nausea
  • Gi upset
  • Dizziness
  • INCREASED BLEEDING RISK IF ON BLOOD THINNERS
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26
Q

What are the uses for ginko?

A
  • Immune system boost
  • Increase sense of well-being
  • Stamina
  • Lower Glucose and BP
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27
Q

What are the side effects of ginko?

A
  • HA

- GI symptoms

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28
Q

What is Hawthorn used for?

A
  • Heart disease
  • Digestive issues
  • Kidney disease
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29
Q

What are the drug interactions common with hawthorn?

A
  • Nitrates dizziness

- Antihypertensives hypotension

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30
Q

What is peppermint used for?

A
  • Nausea
  • Indigestion
  • IBS
  • Colds
  • HA
  • Pain
31
Q

What is St. Johns Wort used for?

A
  • Sleep
  • Depression
  • Wounds
  • Nerve pain
32
Q

What are the side effects of St Johns Wort?

A
  • Photosensitivity
  • Anxiety
  • Dizziness
  • HA/Fatigue
33
Q

What drugs does St Johns Wort interact with?

A
  • Antidepressants
  • Birthcontrol
  • Seizure meds
  • Anticoagulants
34
Q

What are some potential hazards of herbs?

A
  • Patients may forget to mentions they are taking them during drug history questioning
  • Severe Drug-Herb interactions
35
Q

How often before surgery is it recommended to stop herbal use?

A

2-3 weeks

36
Q

Natural does not mean ____

A

Safe

37
Q

Legal OTC does not mean ___

A

Safe

38
Q

What is a drug interaction?

A

An altered or modified action or effect of a drug as a result of interaction with one or more drugs/CAM

39
Q

Is a drug interaction the same as an incompatibility or adverse reaction?

A

no

40
Q

What is a drug incompatibility?

A

A chemical or physical reaction that occurs among two or more drugs

41
Q

What is an adverse reaction?

A

an undesirable effect from a drug

42
Q

What are the two types of Drug interactions?

A

Pharmacokinetic & Pharmacodynamic

43
Q

How can absorption rates be altered by drug interactions?

A
  • Increased GI emptying can decrease absorption reverse is also true
  • Drugs that alter pH can decrease absorption of weak acid drugs
44
Q

How can Antacids slow the absorption of drugs?

A

It will raise stomach pH

45
Q

How can drugs that affect GI bacterial effect drug absorption?

A

If GI bacteria is Altered it can impact Pharmacokinetics

46
Q

If Gi enzymes are inpacted by a drug how can it impact absorption?

A

It will reduce absorption and delay therapeutic response

47
Q

What is the primary site of drug absorption?

A

Small intestines

48
Q

Drugs that are absorbed in the stomach have a ____ absorption rate due to staying in the stomach longer

A

Increased

49
Q

If a drug causes an increase in metabolism what interactions can occur?

A
  • Drug elimination will increase

- If elimination is increased than drug plasma levels will decrease witch equates to reduced therapeutic drug action

50
Q

How can a drug increase metabolism?

A

By stimulating liver enzymes

51
Q

Other than prescription and otc drugs, What common substances can impact metabolism?

A
  • ETOH
  • Tobacco
  • Natural/Herbal Products
52
Q

What factors can be altered by a drug that will cause an impact to the excretion of other drugs?

A
  • Renal Excretion
  • CO
  • pH
53
Q

How can a drug interact and reduce -Renal Excretion?

A

If multiple drugs are taken that are excreted renally, than they kidneys will have reduced filtration due to increased drug levels in system

54
Q

How can drugs that effect OC effect the excretion of other drugs?

A

If a drug decreases CO than blood flow to kidneys is reduced and will reduce excretion due to decreased GFR

55
Q

How can diuretics effect drug excretion?

A

by promoting water and Na excretion and decreasing reabsorption of water Na and K

56
Q

How can drugs that change urine pH impact the excretion of other drugs?

A
  • If urine pH is high than weak acid drugs will be excreted faster
  • If urine pH low than weak base drugs will be excreted faster
57
Q

Why do patients who take diuretics often take potassium supplements?

A

Because diuretics decrease reabsorption of potassium so potassium needs to be replenished via supplement

58
Q

Decreased renal or hepatic function ____ the overall free drug concentration

A

Increases

59
Q

What is an Additive Drug effect interaction

A

When 2 drugs affecting different mechanisms can create a heightened effect

60
Q

What additive effect does Nitroglycerin and Beta-blockers have?

A

They will add together to create severe vasodilation and Hypotension

61
Q

What is a synergistic drug effect?

A

When 2 drugs work together and have a substantially greater effect than either drug working alone.

62
Q

What is an antagoistic drug effect?

A

When one drug blocks the effect of another drug

63
Q

What are some common symptoms of drug-drug interactions?

A

N/V, Dizziness, Lightheadedness, HA, heartburn

64
Q

What are the most feared drug interactions?

A

Decreased BP & rapid/irregular HR

65
Q

What is a drug-nutrient interaction?

A

An interaction between a drug and a food or supplement.

66
Q

What are the four most common Drug-nutrient interactions?

A
  • MAOI inhibitors & tyramine
  • Coumadin & leafy greens
  • Grapefruit
  • Nutritional Deficiencies
67
Q

How do MAOI inhibitors and tyramine interact?

A

Causes a hypertensive crisis due to tyramine’s vasoconstriction

68
Q

How do coumadin and leafy greens interact?

A

Leafy greens have alot of vitamin K and this can reduce effectiveness of Coumadin An anticoagulant

69
Q

What drugs does grapefruit interact with? how?

A

With over 40 drugs by inhibiting metabolism of the drugs

70
Q

What is Kwashiorkor and how does it interact with drugs?

A

It is a protein deficiency and decreases protein binding abilities

71
Q

What is marasmus

A

severe malnutrition

72
Q

What is a photoallergic reaction?

A

When a drug undergoes activation in the skin by UV light to a compound that is more allergenic than the parent compound

73
Q

What is a Phototoxic reaction

A

when a Photosensitive drug undergoes photochemical reaction within the skin to cause damage

74
Q

How can drug induced photosensitivity interaction be avoided or decreased?

A

Sunscreen and protective clothing

Nurse 152 Intro to Pharmacology (3 decks)

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