Week 2 Flashcards
5 lobes of the hemisphere
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Insula
Gray matter=
White matter=
Cerebral cortex
Myelinated fibers of the axon
The cerebral cortex is the ___ suite of the nervous system
Executive
2 types of neurons in cerebral cortex:___ cells and ___ arranged in 6 layers
Stellate (star)
Pyramidal
Stellate cells process information at the ___ level
Local
6 layers of neocortex
Molecular
External Granular
External Pyramidal
Internal Granular
InternalPyramidal
Multiform
Most important layer of the neocortex is the ___ granular (#___) which form the stripe of ___
Internal
IVStripe of Gentry
Six layers of neocortex:
Layer IV is thickest in ___ regions
Layer ___ is thickest in motor regions
Sensory
V
Brodmann’s areas are ___ cortical areas bases on characteristics of tissue
52
PET scans show maximal ___ activity in the brain
Metabolic
Functional MRI scans reveal ___ in the brain
Blood flow
3 functional areas of cerebral cortex
Motor
Sensory
Association
All neurons in the cortex are ___neurons
Interneurons
Motor areas have a prominent #___ area and lie in the ___ part of the frontal lobes
5
Posterior
Primary motor cortex (area 4) is responsible for ___ of skeletal muscles
Conscious control—(voluntary muscle control)
Primary motor cortex (#4) has giant cell of ___ in layer V
Cells of Betz
Primary motor cortex is (IPSILATERAL/ CONTRALATERAL)?
CONTRALATERAL
Premotor cortex (area ___) has a prominent layer V.Is ___ to the precentral gurus in the frontal lobe
5
Precentral
Premotor cortex controls___ motor skills of ___ nature
Learned
Repetitious
Supplemental motor cortex plays role in programming __ motor sequences and coordinating ___ movements
Complex
Bilateral
Frontal eye field controls __ movements of the eyes and is located in area 8 now known as area ___
Voluntary
6
Stimulation of frontal eye field (area 6) results in deviation of eyes to ___ side of irritation and __ side of lesion
Opposite
Same (eyes point to side of lesion)
Broca speech area is areas ___ and ___
44
45
Broca speech area connected to ___ speech area
Wernicke
Broca/ Wernicke speech areas connected by
Arcuate fasciculus
Sensory areas have prominent layer ___
4
Primary somatosensory cortex located in areas ___
3,1,2
Primary somatosensory cortex areas 3,1,2 receive information ____, which means right hemisphere receives info from left side of the body
CONTRALATERAL
Primary somatosensory cortex (areas 3,1,2) contributes to ___ tract
Corticospinal
Secondary somatosensory cortex receives info from___cortex
Projects into ___
Primary somatosensory cortex
Insula
Somatosensory association cortex , areas ___ and ___ receives info from areas ____. Area 7 also receives info from area ___
5
7
3,1,2
17
Somatosensory association complex ( areas ___) process ___ of stimulus
5 and 7
Quality of stimulus
Primary visual cortex is area ___ located in ___ sulcus
17
Calcarine
Secondary and tertiary visual vortices (18,19) of occipital lobe help to ___ we see
Understand WHAT
Visual association cortex,___ gyrus area 39 receives input from secondary and tertiary visual cortices
39
Gerstmann syndrome is a destruction of ___ hemisphere of visual ___ cortex
Dominant
Associate
Primary auditory cortex = areas ___
41
42
Primary auditory cortex interprets electrical signals of ___, ___, ___
Pitch
Loudness
Location
Auditory associate cortex (area__) included ___ speech area
22
Wernicke
3 cranial nerves associated with gustatory complex:
Facial VII
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Rhinecephalon=
Nose brain
Multimodal association areas receive input from multiple ___ associate areas and send outputs to multiple areas
Unimodal
3 parts of multimodal associate areas:___ association area___ associate area___ association area
Posterior
Anterior
Limbic
Posterior association area comprehends the ___
Big picture
Anterior association area allows for ___
Intellectual abilities
Limbic association area provides __ impact to make a scene important and ___ memories
Emotional
Establishes
Language is usually assigned to __ area
Left side
Broca’s speech area ___ used in speech
Coordinates muscles
Wernicke area is connected with Broca’s speech area by ___ and controls ___
Arcuate fasciculus
Language comprehension
1
CN V1
Opthalmic division of CN V
(Trigeminal)
2
CN V2
Trigeminal N, maxillary division
3
Mental N
mandibular division of CN V Trigeminal
4
Buccal N
Mandibular division of CN V
5
auriculotemporal N
Mandibular division of CN V
6
Greater occipital N
7
Greater auricular N
8
CN V1 (trigeminal)
Opthalmic nerve
9
CN V2 (trigeminal)
Maxillary N
10
CN V3 (trigeminal)
Mandibular N
1
CN V
Trigenminal N
2
CN VII
Facial N
9
CN X
Vagus
5
CN X
Vagus N
15
CN III
Oculomotor N
1
CN I
Olfactory
2
CN II
Optic
3
CN III
Oculomotor
4
CN IV
Trochlear
5
CN VI
Abducens
6
CN V
Trigeminal
8
CN VII
Facial
12
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
13
CN X
Vagus
14
CN XI
Spinal Accessory
15
CN XII
Hypoglossal
Arcuate fasciculus underline which gyrus?
Acruate fasciculus connotes ___ association area with ___ speech area
audiovisual association area (22,39,40)
Broca’s speech area (44, 45)
Wada test uses ___ to test ___ hemisphere
Amytal
dominant
