Week 2 Flashcards
the sum of chemical reactions in the body
Metabolism
How high the metabolism is above rest. Usually expressed in METs (metabolic equivalents)
Metabolic rate
Work per unit of time
Power
Serves as an energy source for metabolic reactions and processes
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Insulin controls its use
Glucose
Important carb storage chemical made of glucose units and is found in the liver and muscle
Glycogen
Chemicals that form the subunits of proteins
Amino acids
Chemical system composed of mainly ATP and CP that provides rapid bursts of energy to cells.
Immediate energy system
Chemical system at mainly involves the anaerobic breakdown of glucose and glycogen into lactic acid. It provides rapid bursts of energy to cells.
Nonoxidative energy system
Chemical system that depends on oxygen involving the metabolism of fat, carbohydrates, and proteins that ends up producing large amounts of ATP in the mitochondria
Oxidative energy system
Important energy storage chemical the body uses to regenerate ATP
Creatine phosphate (CP)
Intermediate product of carbohydrate metabolism derived mainly from muscle cells and red blood cells. While this chemical may be involved in fatigue, it is an important fuel for the muscles and heart at rest and during exercise.
Lactic acid
Hydrogen atom minus its electron and therefore carrying a positive charge. High or low levels of hydrogen ions interfere with chemical reactions in the body
Hydrogen ion (H+)
Chemical pathyway in cells that converts glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway in the cytoskeleton. Glycolysis generates ATP without consuming oxygen, so it is anaerobic.
Glycolysis
Breakdown of glycogen by enzymes in the liver or skeletal muscle into glucose. The enzymes are controlled by nerve impulses and hormones
Glycogenolysis
