Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

sterilization

A

eliminates or kills all forms of life including transmissable agents (fungi, bacteria, viruses, spore forms, etc).

acheived by:

  • moist heat and pressure (autoclave)
  • ionizing radiation
  • UV radiation
  • chemicals
  • filtration
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2
Q

disinfection

A

destroy microorganisms found on non-living objects by destroying cell wall or interfering with cell metabolism.
- not endospores and viruses

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3
Q

antisepsis

A

process of killing most or nearly all microorganisms on skin, in wounds, on mucous membranes, clothing, and hard surfaces using heat, chemicals, or ultraviolet rays.

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4
Q

60-90% ethyl and isopropyl alcohol pros and cons

A

Pro: excellent antiseptic, commonly available, inexpensive
Con: not good cleaning agent, easily inactivated by dirt, blood, foreign bodies, flammable, damage latex over time

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5
Q

types of antiseptics

A

60-90% alcohols
3% iodine
7.5-10% iodophors (betadine)
2-4% chlorhexidine (hibiclens, hibiscrub, hibitane)
0.2-2% triclosan
H2O2
nonionic surfactants (Shur-Clens and Pharmaclens)

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6
Q

Iodine and Iodophor solutions as antiseptics pros and cons

A

pros: inexpensive, effective, available, kills broad spectrum, non-irritating
* best pre-surgical
cons: at least 2 minutes of contact time to release free iodine, little residual antimicrobial effect, rapidly inactivated by organic materials, absorptions through skin can cause hypothyroidism in newborns!, allergic reaction can occur.

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7
Q

chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) Hibiclens Pros and COns

A

Pros: Good alternative to iodophors, broad spectrum antimicrobial, safe for newborns, persistent action on skin, increased inhibition of microbes with repeated use, minimally effected by organic materials.

Cons: Expensive, neutralized by natural soaps, hand creams, not effective against tubercle bacillus, decomposes if used above pH 8, can cause conjunctivities if contacts eyes.

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8
Q

hydrogen peroxide pros and cons

A

Pros: dislodges bacteria, debris, contaminants, best on intact skin or very dirty wounds.
Cons: don’s use on freshly sutured wounds, wound damaging agent, don’t use for forceful irrigation, can cause ulceration of newly formed tissue

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9
Q

non-ionic surfactants pros and cons

A

pros: no adverse effects on wounds and lacerations
cons: no antibacterial activity

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10
Q

What characteristics should be considered when choosing an antiseptic

A
  • can it physically remove dirt and other materials as well as some transient microorganisms from the skin?
  • Does it have a residual effect/killing action that continues after antiseptic has been applied
  • is there evidence of product safety?
  • cost
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11
Q

Which is considered the best pre-surgical antiseptic

A

Povidone-iodine (Betadine)

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12
Q

Post-operative infection is determined by what risk factors

A
  • number of organisms entering wound
  • type of virulence of bacteria
  • strength of pt defense mechanisms (immune system)
  • external factors (surgery over 4 hours, length of hospital stay, etc)
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13
Q

Pros and cons of shaving skin before prepping for surgery

A

Pros: easier to see area you are cutting/suturing?
Cons: causes multiple areas of nicking of skin which provides a portal of entry for secondary infections

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14
Q

Know basics of how to establish sterile fields for patient

A

Patient: cut hair back with scissors rather than shave area, wash skin with soap or alcohol, dry, apply antiseptic, simple fenestrated drape and secure, allow antiseptic to dry

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15
Q

Know pros and cons of using alcohol for skin prep injections

A

Pros: none
Cons: does not reduce chance of infection

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16
Q

Know basics of how to establish sterile fields for doctor

A

cover hair, use mask (both optional), hand scrubbing (at least 3 times for up to 5 minutes), sterile gloves (most important technique to master), hold hands above waste

17
Q

Know basics of how to establish sterile fields for instrument field

A

Sterilize all instruments with autoclave

Keep in sterile package until dumped into sterile field, not touching outside of packagine.

18
Q

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