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cardiology > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called if the pericardium fills with blood?

A

Haemopericardium

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2
Q

What is the anatomical significance of the right coronary groove

A

Surface marking for the tricuspid valve

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3
Q

What is the anatomical significance of the anterior intraventricular groove

A

Marks the boundaries between the two ventricles

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4
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain to?

A

The right atrium

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5
Q

What do we use diuretics for?

A

Block Na reabsorption in kidneys

Can be used in heart failure and hypertension

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6
Q

What do we use beta blockers for?

A
  • Long-term treatment of heart failure
  • Angina
  • Hypertension
  • thyrotoxicosis
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7
Q

Under what circumstances would we use a calcium antagonist?

A
  • Hypertension
  • Angina

> NOT SUITABLE TREATMENT FOR HEART FAILURE

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8
Q

When would it be suitable to use a ACE inhibitor?

A

Hypertension and heart failure

NEVER USE DURING PREGNANCY

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9
Q

What is a Mobitz type I block

A

PR interval gradually increases from cycle to cycle until AV node fails completely and a ventricular beat is missed

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10
Q

What is a Mobitz type II block?

A

PR interval is constant but every nth. ventricular depolarization is missing

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11
Q

What happens during complete block (3rd degree block)

A

No impulses are conducted through the affected area – example Third - degree AV bloc

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12
Q

What is an accessory tract pathway?

A

Some individuals possess electrical pathways that bypass the AV node

  • A common pathway is the bundle of kent
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13
Q

Name two class 1 drugs that affect rhythm control

A

flecainide

propafenone

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14
Q

Name two class III drugs that affect rythm control

A

amiodarone

sotalol

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15
Q

Name two class II drugs that affect rate control?

A

propranol

atenolol

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16
Q

Name two rate class IV drugs that affect rate control

A

verapamil

diltiazem

17
Q

When would it be suitable to use Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

A

Used in hypertension and heart failure

Good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy

NEVER USE IN PREGNANCY

18
Q

When would it be suitable to use nitrates?

(VENODILATORS)

A

Acute heart failure

Angina

19
Q

When would we prescribe antiplatelet drugs

A

angina

acute MI

CVA/TIA

Patients at high risk of MI & CVA

20
Q

When would we prescribe anti-coagulants

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Pulmonary embolism

NSTEMI

Atrial Fibrillation

21
Q

When would we use Fibrinolytic Drugs

A

recent haemorrhage (some CVAs)

trauma

bleeding tendencies

severe diabetic retinopathy

peptic ulcer

22
Q

When would we prescribe ANTICHOLESTROL DRUGS

A

hypercholesterolaemia

Diabetes

Angina/MI

CVA/TIA

High risk of MI and CVA

23
Q

Describe treatment methods for shock

A

ABCDE approach

High flow oxygen

Volume replacement

Inotropes for cardiogenic shock

Immediate chest drain for tension pneumothorax

Adrenaline for anaphylactic shock

Vassopressors for septic shock

24
Q

What is the job of ApoB-Containing Lipoproteins?

A

Deliver triglycerides

(i) to muscle for ATP biogenesis and
(ii) adipocytes for storage

25
Q

What is a cholymicron

A
  • LARGEST LIPOPROTEIN

Chylomicrons are formed in intestinal cells and transport dietary triglycerides – the exogenous pathway

26
Q

How would we treat raised LDL levels?

A

Statin +/- Ezetimibe

27
Q

How would we treat raised LDL + VLDL

A

Fibrates

Statin

Nicotinic Acid

28
Q

How would we treat raised VLDL

A

Fibrates

29
Q

How would we treat raised cholymicrons and ldl

A

Fibrate

Niacin

Statin

30
Q

Name two statins

A

simvastatin

atorvastatin

31
Q

Name two fibrates

A

bezafibrate and gemfibrozil

32
Q

Name a drug that inhibits cholesterol absoption

A

Ezetimibe

33
Q
A

cardiology (2 decks)

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