Week 2 Flashcards
What is it called if the pericardium fills with blood?
Haemopericardium
What is the anatomical significance of the right coronary groove
Surface marking for the tricuspid valve
What is the anatomical significance of the anterior intraventricular groove
Marks the boundaries between the two ventricles
Where does the coronary sinus drain to?
The right atrium
What do we use diuretics for?
Block Na reabsorption in kidneys
Can be used in heart failure and hypertension
What do we use beta blockers for?
- Long-term treatment of heart failure
- Angina
- Hypertension
- thyrotoxicosis
Under what circumstances would we use a calcium antagonist?
- Hypertension
- Angina
> NOT SUITABLE TREATMENT FOR HEART FAILURE
When would it be suitable to use a ACE inhibitor?
Hypertension and heart failure
NEVER USE DURING PREGNANCY
What is a Mobitz type I block
PR interval gradually increases from cycle to cycle until AV node fails completely and a ventricular beat is missed
What is a Mobitz type II block?
PR interval is constant but every nth. ventricular depolarization is missing
What happens during complete block (3rd degree block)
No impulses are conducted through the affected area – example Third - degree AV bloc
What is an accessory tract pathway?
Some individuals possess electrical pathways that bypass the AV node
- A common pathway is the bundle of kent
Name two class 1 drugs that affect rhythm control
flecainide
propafenone
Name two class III drugs that affect rythm control
amiodarone
sotalol
Name two class II drugs that affect rate control?
propranol
atenolol
Name two rate class IV drugs that affect rate control
verapamil
diltiazem
When would it be suitable to use Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Used in hypertension and heart failure
Good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy
NEVER USE IN PREGNANCY
When would it be suitable to use nitrates?
(VENODILATORS)
Acute heart failure
Angina
When would we prescribe antiplatelet drugs
angina
acute MI
CVA/TIA
Patients at high risk of MI & CVA
When would we prescribe anti-coagulants
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
NSTEMI
Atrial Fibrillation
When would we use Fibrinolytic Drugs
recent haemorrhage (some CVAs)
trauma
bleeding tendencies
severe diabetic retinopathy
peptic ulcer
When would we prescribe ANTICHOLESTROL DRUGS
hypercholesterolaemia
Diabetes
Angina/MI
CVA/TIA
High risk of MI and CVA
Describe treatment methods for shock
ABCDE approach
High flow oxygen
Volume replacement
Inotropes for cardiogenic shock
Immediate chest drain for tension pneumothorax
Adrenaline for anaphylactic shock
Vassopressors for septic shock
What is the job of ApoB-Containing Lipoproteins?
Deliver triglycerides
(i) to muscle for ATP biogenesis and
(ii) adipocytes for storage
What is a cholymicron
- LARGEST LIPOPROTEIN
Chylomicrons are formed in intestinal cells and transport dietary triglycerides – the exogenous pathway
How would we treat raised LDL levels?
Statin +/- Ezetimibe
How would we treat raised LDL + VLDL
Fibrates
Statin
Nicotinic Acid
How would we treat raised VLDL
Fibrates
How would we treat raised cholymicrons and ldl
Fibrate
Niacin
Statin
Name two statins
simvastatin
atorvastatin
Name two fibrates
bezafibrate and gemfibrozil
Name a drug that inhibits cholesterol absoption
Ezetimibe
