Week 2 Flashcards
Starch:Polymer of glucose monomers:
Major storage form of glucose in plants
Glycogen:consist of glucose monomers:
The major storage form of glucose in animals
Cellulose:
Is a major component of the tough walls that enclose plant cells.
Glycemic index
Is a way of measuring how quickly ur blood glucose level rises after eating carbohydrate-containing food
Glycoproteins:
Combination of proteins and carbohydrates
Usually found on the cell surface
Chitin
Is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi
Highly resistant to enzymatic digestion
Can be used as surgical thread
Building blocks of cells :
Lipids
Lipids
Share the common trait of being hydrophobic
Are found in cellular membrane structures, storage compound etc.
Saturated fatty acid
Have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible
Have no double bond
Unsaturated fatty acid
Have one or more double bond(cis&trans)
Phospholipids :
Have only two fatty acids
Have a phosphocholine group instead of a third fatty acids
Consist of hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
Result in a bilayer arrangement found in cell membrane
Amino groups:
Are organic molecules possessing both carboxyl and amino groups
Differ in their properties due to differing side chains,called R groups
Amino acids are linked by :
Peptide bond
Polysaccharides serve two primary functions in living organism:
Energy storage & structural support
Primary energy storage polysaccharide in plants is:
Starch
Hydrolysis of starch results in:
In the production of glucose monomers
Two forms of starch occur in nature:
Amylose and amylopectin
Animals and fungi store glucose as :
Glycogen
Glycogen is made up of:
Alpha glucose chain in a structure similar to amylopectin
Chitin occurs in
The cell walls of fungi
Organisms use polysaccharides:
for energy storage, which is composed of glucose monomers
Polymers are made up of
Monomers
the hydrolysis of starch results in:
production of glucose monomers
animals and fungi store glucose as :
glycogen
important structural polysaccharides in plants are :
cellulose
aldehyde is :
An organic molecule with at least one functional group made up of a carbon double bonded to oxygen and the same carbon bonded to hydrogen and to a second
carbon
cellulose:
Linear polysaccharide of hundreds to thousands of beta glucose monomers linked by a 1–4 glycosidic linkage. Make up cell walls in plants; a structural polysaccharide.
glycemic index
A measure of how quickly levels of glucose in the blood rise after eating a particular type of food.
glycogen
Storage polysaccharide made of α-glucose monomers in a highly branched helical form; found in the liver and muscle cells of animals and fungi
amphipathic
A molecule that is hydrophobic at one end and hydrophilic at the other.
phospholipids
Lipid made of two fatty acids, one glycerol, and one phosphate group; commonly associated with cell membranes.
saturated fatty acids
Fatty acid containing no double bonds between carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton; hydrocarbon tail is straight in form.
unsaturated fatty acids
Fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms in the carbon skeleton; hydrocarbon tail is kinked if the double bond is in the cis form.
