week 2 Flashcards
General findings of oral cavity
dryness of mouth, gingiva, palate,breath
recurrent herpes labiallis
cold sore- blister ruptures, crusts and oozes
what are the prodromes for herpes labiallis
stinging, burning, itching in the area of breakout
reactivation triggers for herpes
STRESS, sun, hormones
carcinoma of the lips (SCC most common) SSx
painless, sharply bordered, plaque or wart like slow healing
mucocele features
blockage of salivary gland: cyst like bubble, moveable, may rupture
angular cheilitis features
deep cracks at the corner of the mouth, can become infected with candidas, KOH test for candidas
etiology of ang. cheilitis
loss of teeth, bad dentures, bad hygiene, sicca
mouth: mucosal lesions : Lichen Planus features
inside of cheeks, buccal region and gingiva: painless lace like white patches less likely to cause cancer
Leukoplakia feautures
white patches raised or flat, cannot be rubbed off, flaking white paint (white gray or yellow): precancerous hyperplasia
etiology of Leukoplakia
HIV, vit deficiency, oral sepsis, alcoholism
Erythroplakia features
red macule, well demarcated on floor of mouth: precancerous
SCC features
firm, affixed, hard lesions mostly on floor of mouth: first sign might be a non-tender mass in the neck
melanoma features
pigmented lesions scary ABCD- lesions will not blanch
Fordyce’s spots
benign granual like lesions from sebacious glands: do not wipe off mostly on the border of the mouth
stomatitis
inflammation of oral tissue that is secondary
etiology of stomatitis
leukemia, chemicals, alcohol, allergy
Mouth: oral candidias features
soft white plaques that bleed when wiped away, major risk factor: immunocompromised people
aphthous stomatitis SSX
acute painful ulcerations occur on non-keratinized mucos.. possible t cell mediated
aphthous stomatitis etiology
HIV, stress, hormones, food allergies
3 types of aphthous ulcers
minor, major, herpetiform
minor, major, herpetiform
solitary, shallow, red halo resolves in a week-starts in childhood
ragged edges, painful, lasts up to 6 weeks develop after puberty
small pinpoint ulcers starts in adulthood lasts for a month
oral erythema multiforme SSX
Bullae rupture painful -that forms crusts- hemmorrhagic vessicles
oral erythema multiforme prodrome
rhinitus, sinitus
chancre SSX
painless lesions that are primary form a syphilis- possible genital spreading
angioedema SSX (allergy)
swelling, acute non-pitting edema, throat, nose
hereditary angioedema
not itchy, more painful, precipitated by stress, trauma
mandibular torus SSX
non-neoplastic bone formation
hemangioma SSX
raised or flat proliferation of blood vessels- congenital
because of location secondary infection is possible
varicosities SSX
tortuous swollen blue veins on ventral aspect of the tongue
blanche when pressed on
papilloma SSX
could be caused by HPV and cause warts pedunculated benign growths with finger like projections- asymptomatc
lipoma SSX
benign slow growing mass of adipose tissue- nontender rubbery and soft
salivary gland: sialadenitis SSX
benign swelling secondary to may diseases (mumps-painful,cirrhosis, sarcoidosis)
Sialolisthesis: SSX
salivary duct stones- pain when swallowing
Sjögren’s syndrome SSX
autoimmune- dry eyes, mouth, mucosal membranes
Xerostomia SSX
dry mouth caused by drugs, mouth breathing, salivary gland disorders- tooth decay secondary
Teeth and gums: gingivitis SSX
swollen bright red and blue gums, bleed, sore,receeding gum line
gingivitis etiology
poor oral hygiene,bad dental restoration, dental caliculi
vincent’s angina (ANUG) SSX
acute ulcerative infection, punched out appearance, gray membrane, halitosis, bleeds
periodontitis SSX
infection of the periontium :red, swollen gums with bleeding, pain while chewing, tooth pain with percussion
caries
a cavity invades dentin: pain with hot and cold, meth mouth
tooth decay
toothache and infections causes…
apical absess, ludwigs angina, and cavernous sinus thrombosis
apical abscess SSX
development of infection in the root of the tooth: more pain
swelling of mucosa over the tooth
ludwigs angina SSX
cellulitis of the floor of the mouth due to infection: fever, malaise,swelling goes from sublingual to maxillary sinus
scavernous sinus thrombosis SSX
staph or strep in the cavernous sinus leads to blood clot
eye bulge, headache, vision changes
tongue issues: can’t move
short frenulum, nerve damage
deviation of the tongue
CN12 problems
taste problems due to …
meds-chemo, bels pasy, vit. deficiencies, and facial nerve damage
color change: geographic tongue
benign migratory glossitus, localized loss of papillae, red patches with white circumfrence due to: smoke, alcohol,candidas, leukoplakia, lichen planus
hairy tongue SSX
distal part of tongue looks black or green and hairy due to hypertrophy of papillae
due to…
coffee, alcohol, drugs, bad oral hygiene
tongue tremor
nerve disease, hyperthyroidism
smooth tongue
atrophy of papillae due to: low HCL, celiacs, low vit.
enlarged tongue
hypothyroidism, acroamegoly, pernicious anemia, infecttion
glossitis SSX
swollen tongue, color change, and tender
glossitis etiology
allergy, infection, poor hydration, syphilis
throat: acute pharyngitis etiology
infection, bacterial, viral, herpes, foreign bodies
bacterial pharyngitis SSX
Absence of cough, Tender anterior cervical adenopathy, Tonsillar exudate, History of fever
bac. pharyngitis caused mostly by what/ complications
GAS group A strep., PANDAS secondary OCD
viral pharyngitis mono SSX
exudate tonsilitis and marked redness and swelling
viral pharyn. adenovirus SSX
throat is not red although may be very sore, runny nose, stuffiness
Diphtheria SSX (life threatening)
dirty gray tough fibrous membrane, fever, nausea
tonsillitis
acute inflammation of the palatine tonsils
tonsillitis SSX
sudden onset, fever, nausea
3 types of tonsillitis
acute:bacterial or viral
subacute: 3wks- 3 mnth- caused by actinomyces
chronic : bacterial firbrotic
complications
tonsilloliths
peritonsillar abscess
hypertrophy of the tonsils
Peritonsillar abscess SSX
breath odor, pain in neck, lymph enlargement
parapharyngeal abscess
serious :markedly swollen anterior triangle in the nec
retropharyngeal sSX
infection of the deep spaces in the neck medical emergency: jaw stiffness, lump in throat, sore throat all of the other constitutions
chronic irritation etiology
smoking, alcohol, allergies, spicy food, chronic infection
chronic SSX
cobblestoning, hypertrophic lymph tissue
larynx hoarseness etiology
inflammation, polyps, hypothyroidism causes structural changes in vocal chords
laryngitis SSX
loss of voice: tickling of the throat, hoarsness, voice change
epligottitis EMERGENCY SSX
infection of the epiglottis: acutely ill, shallow breathing, must sit up on bed, anxiety
epligottitis diagnosis
do not try to see the throat: lateral C- spine Xray
vocal cord polyp SSX
benign bilateral lesions: hoarsness, breathy voice, visually identifiable
types of lumps in the necks
- cervical LA- rubbery
- neoplasm of the Lymphatic chain- immoveable, hard nd large
- salivary gland swelling
- medial swelling - thyroid
