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Bioscience > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do noble gases exhibit a high degree of stability?

A

The outer valence shell is filled with electrons

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2
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

elements tend to gain, lose of share sufficient electrons to achieve an electron configurations having 8 valance electrons

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3
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms with an unequal number of protons and electrons

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4
Q

What are cations?

A

Positively charged ions (an atom which loses electron/s)

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5
Q

What are anions?

A

Negatively charged ions (an atom which gains electron/s)

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6
Q

The transition metals have the ability to form more than one ion. How are these ions named?

A

Monatomic Cations
Monatomic Anions
Polyatomic Ions

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7
Q

Ferrous ion

A

Iron (II) ion - Fe2+

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8
Q

Ferric ion

A

Iron (III) ion – Fe3+

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9
Q

What suffix do most anion names have?

A

the suffix - ide

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10
Q

What is a polyatomic ion?

A

A polyatomic ion contains more than one atom

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11
Q

Write names and molecular formula for two polyatomic ions.

A

Ammonium – NH4+

Hydroxide – OH-

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12
Q

Ionic bonds are…

A

a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between positive and negative ions

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13
Q

Covalent bonds are…

A

a chemical bond resulting from the sharing of electrons between two atoms

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14
Q

Electronegativity is defined as…

A

the measure of an atom’s attraction for electrons it shares in a chemical bond with an other atom

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15
Q

Do electronegativity values increase or decrease across the periodic table (from metals to non-metals)

A

increase

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16
Q

Ionic compounds are formed between…

A

a metal and a non-metal

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17
Q

Name the following:

BaCl2

A

barium chloride

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18
Q

Name the following:

Na2SO4

A

sodium sulphate

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19
Q

Name the following:

Cu(NO3)2

A

copper nitrate

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20
Q

Covalent compounds are formed between…

A

a non-metal and a metalloid or two non-metals

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21
Q

A covalent bond is formed by…

A

sharing one or more pairs of electrons

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22
Q

The difference between a non-polar covalent and polar covalent bond is…

A

the level of difference in electronegativity

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23
Q

Non-polar covalent is when…

A

difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5

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24
Q

Polar covalent is when…

A

the difference in electronegativity is between 0.5 and 1.9

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25
Q

A single bond is…

A

a bond formed by sharing one pair of electrons and represented by a single line between two atoms

26
Q

A double bond is…

A

a bond formed by sharing two pairs of electrons and represented by two lines between the two bonded atoms

27
Q

A triple bond is…

A

a bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons and represented by three lines between the two bonded atoms

28
Q

A lone pair is…

A

a valence electron pair which is not shared with another atom and is sometimes called a non-bonding pair

29
Q

Name the covalent compound N2O

A

two nitrogen and one oxygen

30
Q

Name the covalent compound SF2

A

one sulphur and two fluorine

31
Q

A molecule will be polar when:

A

i) there are polar bonds

ii) the arrangement is not symmetric

32
Q

VSEPR theory describes…

A

how the valance electrons of an atom may be involved in the formation of single, double, or triple bonds or they may be unshared.

33
Q

VSEPR is…

A

Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion

34
Q

In a trigonal planar shape the bond angle is ? degrees

A

120 degrees

35
Q

In a trigonal planar shape there are ? bonding pairs of electrons and ? non-bonding pair(s) of electrons

A

6 bonding pairs (including 1 double bond)

0 non bonding pairs

36
Q

In a pyramidal shape the bond angle is ? degrees

A

109.5 degrees

37
Q

In a pyramidal shape there are ? bonding pairs of electrons and ? non bonding pairs of electrons

A

3 bonding pairs

1 non bonding pair

38
Q

In a tetrahedral shape the bond angle is ? degrees

A

109.5 degrees

39
Q

In a tetrahedral shape there are ? bonding pairs of electrons and ? non-bonding pair(s) of electrons.

A

4 bonding pairs

0 non bonding pairs

40
Q

In a bent shape the bond angle is ? degrees

A

109.5 degrees

41
Q

In a bent shape there are ? bonding pairs of electrons and ? non-bonding pair(s) of electrons.

A

2 bonding pairs

2 non bonding pairs

42
Q

In a linear shape the bond angle is degrees

A

180 degrees

43
Q

In a linear shape there are ? bonding pairs of electrons and ? non-bonding pair(s) of electrons.

A

4 bonding pairs (2 double bonds)

4 non bonding pairs

44
Q

A molecule will be polar when:

A

i) there are polar bonds

ii) the arrangement is not symmetric

45
Q

What is an anion?

A

an ion with a negative electric charge

46
Q

What is a cation?

A

an ion with a positive electric charge

47
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

a bond resulting from the sharing of electrons between two atoms

48
Q

What is double bond?

A

a bond formed by sharing two pairs of electrons; represented by two lines between the two bonded atoms.

49
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

a measure of an atom’s attraction for the electrons it shares in a chemical bond with another atom

50
Q

What is an ion?

A

an atom with an unequal number of protons and electrons

51
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between a positive ion and a negative ion

52
Q

What is an ionic compounds?

A

a compound formed by the combination of positive and negative ions

53
Q

What is a lewis electron dot diagram?

A

the symbol of the element surrounded by a number of dots equal to the number of electrons in the valence shell of an atom of that element

54
Q

What are lone pair of electrons?

A

electrons of an atom that are unbonded

55
Q

What is a non-polar covalent bond?

A

a covalent bond between two atoms whose difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5

56
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

when undergoing chemical reactions, atoms of Group 1A to 7A elements tend to gain, lose or share electrons to achieve an electron configuration having eight valance electrons

57
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

a covalent bond between two atoms whose difference in electronegativity is between 0.5 and 1.9

58
Q

What is a polyatomic ion?

A

an ion that contains more than one atom

59
Q

What is a single bond?

A

a bond formed by sharing on pair of electrons; represented by a single line between two bonded atoms

60
Q

What is a triple bond?

A

a bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons; represented by three lines between the two bonded atoms

61
Q

What does VSEPR stand for?

A

Valance Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion model

Bioscience (2 decks)

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