WEEK 2 Flashcards
_____ is a method of altering a compound. Chemical processing is done to change the chemical structure of raw (bulk) materials in order to obtain products that are valuable to other industries/daily life.
Chemical processing
A _____ is defined as a process that does not involve any chemical reactions. It deal only with the physical changes of the materials involved in the process.
unit operation
_____ involves a chemical reaction resulting in the transformation of substances into new chemical compounds.
unit process
classification of unit operations
• fluid flow operations
• mechanical operations
• mass transfer
Pumping, compression, and fluidization.
fluid flow operations
Size reduction, size enlargement, mixing, agitation, blending, filtration, classification-separation, etc.
mechanical operations
Distillation, evaporation, crystallization, leaching, absorption, adsorption, extraction, etc.
mass transfer
_____ are devices that are used to increase the static pressure of liquids by converting mechanical energy to a high-pressure liquid flow.
Pumps
The operation of a _____ involves exerting work on a compressible fluid (gases) for the purpose of increasing its pressure.
compressor
_____ is the unit operation by which fine solids are transformed into a fluid-like state through contact with a gas.
Fluidization
size reduction equipment
• crushers
• grinding mill
_____ are equipment used to homogenize media inside a tank.
Agitators
______ are designed to rapidly blend two or more components together, regardless of whether they are of the same or different phases (e.g.,
Mixers
_____ are used to maintain homogeneity and equilibrium within an existing mixture.
agitators
_____ is a unit operation that separates a liquid from solids by means of heat transfer via vaporization or boiling.
Evaporation
Some examples of such chemical reactions in a processing plant:
• sulphonation
• nitration
• halogenation
• alkylation
• hydrolysis
• hydrogenation
• polymerization
• oxidation
• reduction
A _____ is a process equipment where in chemicals are fed in order to make them chemically react with each other for the purpose of making a desired product.
chemical reactor
Chemical reactors are designed in such a way to _____ for a given reaction and it is done by ensuring highest efficiency to output the desired product.
increase the net present value
A _____ is a closed vessel in which reactions happen and it is a non-continuous type of reactor. The reactants are fed in to the reactor all at once initially. The vessel contains an agitator. The purpose of the agitator is to mix the reactants thoroughly so that the contact makes them react together efficiently and produce products.
batch reactor
A _____ is someone who designs, implements, and optimizes production processes to improve safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.
Process Engineer
_____ are tasked with managing the processing operations throughout the chemical processing facility. These individuals must monitor panel lights, recording instruments, and flow meters. While monitoring these instruments, the chemical process operator will need to listen for any warning signals that indicate a potential hazard or issue.
Chemical process operators
type of chemical reactor that is often called a mixed flow reactor (M.F.R)
continuous stirred tank reactor (C.S.T.R)
Law of conservation of mass
material balance
Law of conservation of energy
Energy Balance
entropy
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
conduction, convection, radiation
heat transfer
diffusion
mass transfer
catalysts
Reaction Kinetics
mechanical strength, thermal stability, & corrosion
material science
Co-existing of phases
phase equilibria
