Week 2 Flashcards
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
1️⃣** What is the key distinction between “society” and “community” in traditional thought?**
A) Society is based on personal relationships, while community is large-scale and impersonal.
B) Society is impersonal and large-scale, while community is based on close, personal interactions.
C) Community is always inclusive, whereas society is exclusive.
D) Society is a recent concept, while community has existed for centuries.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
2️⃣ What critique does Eversley (2019) make about the traditional distinction between society and community?
A) The distinction is necessary for clear policy-making.
B) The distinction is outdated and ignores modern complexities.
C) Communities no longer exist in the modern world.
D) Society and community are completely interchangeable terms.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
3️⃣According to Eversley, which factor does NOT play a role in forming a community?
A) Shared ancestry
B) Common interests
C) Individual wealth
D) Geographic location
D
In modern society, geographic location is no longer the main factor in forming a community.People connect online, share interests, and form communities without being in the same physical space.
wealth does influence community formation (scial class), but not as foundational as social / cultural bonds
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
4️⃣** Which of the following best explains how communities can be both inclusive and exclusive?**
A) Communities form around shared identities but can also exclude those who do not fit these identities.
B) All communities welcome anyone who wants to join.
C) Only religious communities are inclusive, while economic communities are exclusive.
D) Governments control which communities are allowed to exist.
A
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
5️⃣ What is an example of an imposed identity?
A) A person choosing to join an environmental activist group.
B) A government classifying someone as a minority group member based on their race.
C) A student joining a football team by choice.
D) A worker voluntarily becoming part of a trade union.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
6️⃣How does language affect the interpretation of “society” and “community”?
A) Some languages use a single term for both, while others make distinctions.
B) All languages clearly differentiate between society and community.
C) The meaning of both words is universal across cultures.
D) Language has no impact on community formation.
A
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
7️⃣ What is the difference between “bonding” and “bridging” social capital?
A) Bonding social capital connects different communities, while bridging strengthens ties within one group.
B) Bonding strengthens ties within a group, while bridging connects different groups.
C) Both terms mean the same thing.
D) Bridging social capital only applies to online communities.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
8️⃣** Why is social capital important for community development?**
A) It increases government control over communities.
B) It helps individuals and groups access resources and opportunities.
C) It reduces the need for personal relationships.
D) It ensures that all communities remain isolated.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
9️⃣** Which of the following is an example of how a community can have negative effects?**
A) A cultural festival celebrating diversity.
B) A gang that engages in criminal activities.
C) A workplace diversity training program.
D) A local charity organization.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
🔟** What is an ethical approach to community development?**
A) Promoting inclusivity and mutual respect.
B) Strengthening existing power hierarchies.
C) Focusing only on economic growth, regardless of social effects.
D) Encouraging communities to remain isolated from each other.
A
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
1️⃣1️⃣ How can governments influence community structures?
A) By encouraging diversity and participation.
B) By manipulating communities for political purposes.
C) By promoting only one type of community while suppressing others.
D) All of the above.
D
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
1️⃣2️⃣ What is an example of governments using communities for control?
A) Allowing communities to organize freely without interference.
B) Creating national policies that force communities to adopt specific values.
C) Encouraging communities to form their own governance structures.
D) Funding community-driven projects without conditions.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
1️⃣3️⃣ What does Freud’s “narcissism of minor differences” suggest?
A) Communities with similar identities tend to unite easily.
B) Groups that are very similar often emphasize small differences to create divisions.
C) Minor cultural differences are not important in community formation.
D) Communities should eliminate all differences to function well.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
1️⃣4️⃣ What is a key challenge in making communities more inclusive?
A) People naturally prefer exclusive communities.
B) Inclusion requires effort to challenge deep-seated biases and structures.
C) Exclusion is necessary for community stability.
D) All communities should have strict membership rules.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
1️⃣5️⃣** How can community development promote inclusion?**
A) By actively involving marginalized groups.
B) By ensuring that only similar people join communities.
C) By ignoring differences between individuals.
D) By focusing only on economic policies.
A
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
1️⃣6️⃣ Which of the following best describes the role of community development in modern society?
A) It is only relevant for rural areas.
B) It is necessary for creating inclusive, sustainable societies.
C) It focuses only on economic development.
D) It has little relevance in today’s world.
B
Reading 2 : Beyond society and community
1️⃣7️⃣ According to Eversley, what should modern community development focus on?
A) Preserving existing power structures.
B) Promoting collaboration, inclusivity, and social justice.
C) Avoiding global influences.
D) Strengthening economic policies while ignoring social issues.
B
Reading 3
What are the two key components of Bhattacharyya’s definition of community development?
A) Growth & Economy
B) Solidarity & Agency
C) Power & Structure
D) Participation & Engagement
B
Reading 3
Which of the following is NOT a core concern in community development theory?
A) Structure
B) Power
C) Economy
D) Shared Meaning
C
Reading 3
Which theory views society as a system of interdependent parts that maintain stability?
A) Conflict Theory
B) Symbolic Interactionism
C) Structural Functionalism
D) Structuration Theory
C
Reading 3
Conflict theory is primarily concerned with:
A) Stability of social structures
B) Power struggles between groups
C) Symbolic meanings in communication
D) The economic growth of a community
B
Reading 3
What does symbolic interactionism focus on?
A) Social inequalities
B) The role of shared symbols in creating meaning
C) The power dynamics of institutions
D) The historical development of communities
B
Reading 3
Which theorist is associated with Structuration Theory?
A) Karl Marx
B) Emile Durkheim
C) Anthony Giddens
D) Max Weber
C
Reading 3
What are Giddens’ “modalities”?
A) Economic policies
B) Cultural norms and traditions that influence behavior
C) Government intervention strategies
D) Laws and regulations
B
Reading 3
Which theory argues that society is shaped by conflicts between different groups?
A) Structural Functionalism
B) Conflict Theory
C) Symbolic Interactionism
D) Structuration Theory
B
Reading 3
What is an example of shared meaning in a community?
A) A local law being passed
B) People agreeing on what symbols represent their culture
C) A company hiring new employees
D) Government policies on foreign workers
B
Reading 3
According to Structuration Theory, individuals can:
A) Only follow existing social structures
B) Influence and reshape social structures through action
C) Remove all existing social structures
D) Ignore traditional norms
B
What is the difference between agency and solidarity?
Solidarity (society) : Focuses on shared interests, values, and experiences within a group, creates a sense of belonging and collective responsibility.
Agency :** individual’s ability to make choices **and actively participate in shaping one’s own life or the world around them
What is the difference between structural functionalism and structuration theory?
Structural functionalism : Views society as a system where different parts (institutions like family, education) work together to maintain social order and stability ;; but there is Limited agency:
Individuals are seen as largely conforming to existing social structures with limited ability to actively change them.
Structuration theory : structures are not fixed ;; emphasizes the active role individuals play in creating and reproducing social structures through their everyday actions and choices.
Crime
What does the merton’s strain theory state in criminology?
It states when people cannot achieve their goals through legitimate means, they may resort to deviant behaviours such as crime.
- Due to inequality, where inidivudals lack access to resources due to societal structures and unequal opportunities
What is the main idea of Functionalism?
A) Society is a stable system where each part has a function that maintains balance.
B) Society is in constant conflict due to power struggles.
C) Society is shaped by symbolic meanings and interactions.
D) Society does not change over time.
A
Which sociological theory views society as an ongoing contest between the powerful and the weak?
A) Functionalism
B) Symbolic Interactionism
C) Critical Theory
D) Rational Choice Theory
C
Interpretivism is best described as:
A) A theory that seeks to find universal laws of society.
B) An approach that focuses on the meanings people attach to their social world.
C) A perspective that sees society as a system of stable institutions.
D) A framework that only applies to economic systems.
B
** What is a major limitation of Functionalism?**
A) It ignores the role of structure in shaping society.
B) It assumes that all social structures are beneficial and necessary.
C) It overemphasizes individual free will.
D) It focuses too much on economic factors.
B
It assumes all institutions serve a purpose, ignoring negative effects like inequality.
What is a criticism of Critical Theory?
A) It ignores power imbalances.
B) It tends to be too confrontational and sees society in binary terms.
C) It assumes society is always stable and unchanging.
D) It rejects the idea of inequality.
B
A key limitation of Interpretivism is that it:
A) Ignores how people construct meaning in society.
B) Focuses too much on objective measurements and statistics.
C) Overemphasizes subjective experiences and ignores material inequalities.
D) Fails to acknowledge symbolic meanings.
C
Correct! Criticism of Interpretivism → It focuses on personal meaning but may ignore larger systemic issues like poverty.
** What is social stratification?**
A) The process of ranking people in society based on categories like class, gender, and race.
B) The natural order of societies where everyone is equal.
C) The idea that power is evenly distributed among all social groups.
D) A system where no individual or group has more privilege than another.
A
Which of the following is NOT a form of social stratification?
A) Race
B) Gender
C) Educational Background
D) Personal Hobbies
D
Social class is often assumed to be based on:
A) Personal hobbies and interests.
B) Access to resources, wealth, and power.
C) A person’s emotional well-being.
D) A strict government ranking system.
B
Why is social class considered a “potential divider of people”?
A) It determines who gets to vote.
B) It affects opportunities and access to resources.
C) It does not influence people’s life chances.
D) It has no impact on employment prospects.
B
** What is social capital?**
A) The financial assets a person owns.
B) The networks, relationships, and connections that help people succeed in society.
C) The economic system of a country.
D) A type of political ideology.
B
Merton’s Strain Theory explains crime as:
A) A result of a biological predisposition.
B) A breakdown in society’s ability to provide opportunities for success.
C) A rational choice made by criminals.
D) A cultural norm in all societies.
B
** Critical theorists argue that crime occurs because:**
A) Some groups have more power and privilege, leading to inequality.
B) Crime is an individual moral failure.
C) The legal system functions without bias.
D) Society is inherently fair and just.
A
According to Labelling Theory, what determines whether an act is considered criminal?
A) The actual act itself.
B) How society labels and defines the act.
C) Whether the person committing the act is wealthy.
D) The level of violence involved.
B
linked to intepretivism
Differential Association Theory suggests that people learn criminal behavior through:
A) Watching crime movies.
B) Genetic inheritance.
C) Social interactions and relationships.
D) Government policies.
C
** What is meritocracy?**
A) A system where people succeed based on their talent and effort.
B) A rigid class system that does not allow social mobility.
C) A form of inequality that cannot be changed.
D) A system where wealth is inherited.
A
